Freuds Phychosexual Theory - 080804

UNIT 3
DEVELOPMENTAL
THEORIES AND OTHER
RELEVANT THEORIES
SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY
Sigmund Freud born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23

September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating
pathologies in the psyche through dialogue between a patient and a
psychoanalyst. (WIKIPEDIA)
He can be considered the most well known

psychologist because of his very interesting theory
about the unconscious and also about sexual
development.
STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Includes five distinct stages
• A person goes through the sequence of these five stages and along the way there
are needs to be met
• Erogenous zone- a specific are that becomes the focus of pleasure needs. This may
be the mouth, anus and the genitals. (pleasure areas)
• Fixation- results from failure to satisfy the needs of a particular psychosexual stage.
ORAL STAGE (BIRTH TO 18 MONTHS)
• The erogenous zone is the mouth.
• the child is focused on oral pleasures (sucking)
• Too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an Oral Fixation
• This type of personality may be oral receptive, that is, have a
stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol, overeat, or oral
aggressive, that is, with a tendency to bite his or her nails, or
use curse words even gossip. As a result, these persons may
become too dependent on others, easily fooled, and lack
leadership traits.
• On the other hand, they may also fight these tendencies and
become pessimistic and aggressive in relating with people.
ANAL STAGE (18 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)
• The child's focus of pleasure in this stage is the anus.

• The child finds satisfaction in eliminating and
retaining feces.
• the child needs to work on toilet training
• In terms of personality, fixation during this stage can
result in being anal retentive, an obsession with
cleanliness, perfection, and control; or anal expulsive
where the person may become messy and
disorganized.
PHALLIC STAGE (AGES 3 TO 6)
• The pleasure or erogenous is the genitals.
• During the preschool age, children become interested in what
makes boys and girls different.
• Preschoolers will sometimes be seen fondling their genitals.
• Freud’s studies led him to believe that during this stage boys develop unconscious
sexual desire for their mother. Boys then see their father as a rival for her mother's
affection. Boys may fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, thus, the
castration anxiety. These feelings comprise what Freud called Oedipus Complex.
• Psychoanalysts also believed that girls may also have a similar experience, developing
unconscious sexual attraction towards their father. This is what is referred to as the
Electra Complex.
• A fixation at this stage could result in sexual deviancies (both overindulging and
avoidance) and weak or confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts.
LATENCY STAGE (AGE 6 TO PUBERTY)
It's during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed. The
children's focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills.
Boys usually relate more with boys and girls with girls during this
stage.
GENITAL STAGE (PUBERTY ONWARDS)

The fifth stage of psychosexual development begins at the start
of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened. In the
earlier stages, adolescents focus their sexual urges towards the
opposite sex peers, with the pleasure centered on the genitals.
FREUD’S PERSONALITY
COMPONENTS
The id. Freud says that, a child is born with the id. The id plays a vital
role in one's personality because as a baby, it works so that the baby's
essential needs are met. The id operates on the pleasure principle. It
focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs.
-operates on the pleasure principle

-It focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its
needs so whatever feels good now is what it will pursue
with no consideration for the reality, logicality and
practicality of the situation
-when the ID wants something “it wants it now, it wants it
fast!”
The ego. As the baby turns into a toddler and then into a preschooler, he/she relates more with
the environment, the ego slowly begins to emerge. The ego operates using the reality principle. It is
aware that others also have needs to be met..
- It is practical because it knows that being impulsive or

selfish can result to negative consequences late, so it
reasons and considers the best response to situations.
- Although it functions to help the ID meet its needs, it
always takes into account the reality of the situation
The superego. Near the end of the preschool years, or the end of
the phallic stage, the superego develops. The superego embodies
a person's moral aspect. This develops from what the parents,
teachers and other persons who exert influence impart to be good
or moral. The superego is likened to conscience because it exerts
influence on what one considers right and wrong.
-idealistic principle
Topographical Model
The Unconscious. Freud said that most what we go through in our lives,
emotions, beliefs, feelings, and impulses deep within are not available to us
at a conscious level. He believed that most of what influence us is our
unconscious.
The Conscious. Freud also said that all that we are aware of is stored in
our conscious mind. Our conscious mind only comprises a very small part
of who we are so that, in our everyday life, we are only aware of a very
small part of what makes up our personality, most of what we are is
hidden and out of reach.
The Subconscious. The last part is the preconscious or subconscious.

This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but is not in our
active conscious. Its right below the surface, but still "hidden" somewhat
unless we search for it. Information such as our telephone number, some
childhood memories, or the name of your best childhood friend is stored in
the preconscious.
The water, may represent all that we are not aware of, have not
experienced, and that has not been made part of our personalities, referred
to as the nonconscious.

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UNIT 3

Sigmund Freud born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23

He can be considered the most well known

• The child's focus of pleasure in this stage is the anus.

GENITAL STAGE (PUBERTY ONWARDS)

-operates on the pleasure principle

- It is practical because it knows that being impulsive or

The Subconscious. The last part is the preconscious or subconscious.

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