UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE
SOCIETY AND
POLITICS
JANNYL MARIE A. ANTIQUE
Teacher
JANE JOEY
 DESIGNING JOEY OR JANE
Joey’s Personal Background
What is Joey’s age?  

What is Joey’s gender?  

How do you describe joey (the color of hair, skin,  

eyes; height and built; languages spoken; beliefs

and religious faith, etc.)

What is so attractive about Joey’s looks?  

How many siblings do you think Joey has?  

Where does Joey live?  

Is the house small, big, owned, or rented?  

What is the name of Joey’s school?  

Would you think Joey will finish college? Why  

and why not?

 Joey’s Social Environment

How many friends does Joey have? Are they a  

good or bad influence to Joey?

What is Joey’s past time, sports, and hobbies?  

What kind of neighborhood do you envision for  

Joey? Do Joey’s neighbors socialize with them?
Does Joey have friends in the community?

Is Joey in a relationship? How do you describe  

their relationship?
 Problems and conflicts in Joey’s lie
Does Joey experience extreme sadness or  
depression? What is the cause? How did Joey
overcome this?

Is joey the bully or the one bullied in school?  

How did joey manage to handle the situation like
this?

Does Joey have a vice? What is it?  

Did Joey hurts somebody’s feelings? How?  
What is the greatest family problem Joey has  
experienced so far?

Joey’s success in life

Is Joey a smart leader or a humble follower?  
What will be joey’s future job, business, or  
greatest achievement?
1. How closely connected are the details and
characteristics of Joey to you?

2. How does this activity lead you to

understand the topic for today?
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
As learners of culture, society, and
politics, we must first be able to recognize
ourselves as social actors within the
diverse collection of societies in the world
and start to be perceptive of our cultural
variations and social differences.
Anthropology
• It describes human, human
behavior and human societies
around the word. It is a
comparative science that
examines all societies. The term
anthropology means scientific
study of man or human beings.
Sociology
• The study of
human social
relationships and
institution.
Culture
• Is a way of life of a group of
people--the behaviors, beliefs,
values, and symbols that they
accept, generally without
thinking about them, and that
are passed along by
communication and imitation
from one generation to the next.
Beliefs

• It is a state or habit of the

mind in which trust or
confidence is placed in some
person or thing.
MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN VARIATIONS
THROUGH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES, AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES
 MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN VARIATIONS
THROUGH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES, AND POLITICAL IDENTITIES
The creation of the global society puts humans into one
plot where almost everything is interlinked and the
change in one aspect of it will affect the other. However,
despite the emergence of the idea of one global society,
there remain visible manifestations of human variations
in society.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
Society has various manifestations of social differences
based on unique social characteristics or qualities like
social class, gender, age, educational attainment,
occupation, and the like. In sociology, social differences
are usually equated with social stratification, this
describes the relative social position of persons in a
given social group, category, geographical region, or
other social units.
Cultural Variations and Social Differences
Learning about their cultural and social
differences will help us understand and support
each other rather than discriminate or be
prejudicial towards one another. Let us make
these social differences and cultural diversity a
huge asset than a social problem. Let us know
some of these differences.
 Language/
Dialect

Name of
Cultural
Food Traditions/
Group
Rituals

Arts and
Crafts
I. Ethnicity
An ethnic group refers to a specific group of
people having certain similar characteristics and a
distinct cultural identity, which distinguishes them
from other groups in the community or society.
Tagalog, Ilocano, Ifugao, and Kapampangan are all
examples of ethnic groups. It refers directly to a
category or collection of people.
Ethnicity is used to denote the
shared culture of these groups,
which includes cultural heritage,
language or dialect, religion,
traditions and rituals, norms, values,
beliefs, and other practices.
What is the good thing about having an
ethnicity?

Having an ethnicity makes it easy for people

to feel that they can identify with an ethnic
group. In other words, the shared culture (or
ethnicity) of a group of people is what
solidifies their identity as an ethnic group.
RACE
According to Macionis (2003) race is a socially
constructed category composed of people who share
biologically transmitted traits that members of society
consider important Racial distractions become
meaningful because we attach meaning to them, and
the consequences may form prejudice and
discrimination to slavery and genocide.
Try to differentiate between Ethnicity and Race

 Race is constructed from biological characteristics

while ethnicity is constructed from cultural traits.
 Race tends to be more unitary or singular, while
ethnicities tend to be diverse.
 Race is inherited, Culture is learned.
RELIGION
It is one of society's important institutions; it is a
belief system that emphasizes the supernatural
being. Religion is a universal cultural pattern since
all people have some kind of religion. Religious
symbols and meaning shape the world views,
thoughts, and beliefs of the adherents
GENDER
It refers to personal traits and social positions
that members of a society attach to being
female and male. It is a dimension of social
organization, shaping how we interact with
others and how we think of ourselves as
persons.
1. With this situation in mind, how do you perceive the state of people in the
Philippines in terms of their socioeconomic classes?
2. What factors determine one’s inclusion in a particular socioeconomic
class?
3. How does socioeconomic class relate to one’s status and power in society?
Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic class refers to a category that groups
people with similar economic, social, cultural, and
political statuses. It is important to note that the
concept of socioeconomic class is far more complex
and encompassing than that of economic status. In
economic status, the basis for ranking people only
includes income in the family.
There may be differences in the socioeconomic status
of students in the classroom. Some students may
belong to the upper class and others are in the middle
or lower class.
1. Upper Class.
2. Middle Class.
3. Lower Class
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
•Is a Social Science that deals with
human and their interactions. It
essentially deals with the large
scale actions of human and group
mentality
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
•Deals with the study of the
government and the state.
•Attempts to understand the
formation of the state and its
different forms and functions.
POLITICAL IDENTITY

Political Identity is almost always associated with a

group affiliation and describes how being a member of a
particular group might express specific political opinions
and attitudes.
Political identity frequently refers to a specific political
party, affiliation, or partisan identity.
III. EXCEPTIONALITY
Exceptionality is a concept that describes
how an individual’s specific abilities and
functioning—physical, intellectual, or
behavioral— are different from the
established normal or typical qualities.
People who are described as exceptional may
deviate higher or lower, from the norm.
Special needs students are those with exceptionalities. In general,
exceptionalities fall into six broad categories:
a. Intellectual. This includes students who have superior intelligence as
well as those who are slow to learn.
b. Communicative. These students have special learning disabilities or
speech or language impairments.
c. Sensory. Sensory-grouped students have auditory or visual disabilities.
d. Behavioral. These students are emotionally disturbed or socially
maladjusted
e. Physical. This includes students with orthopedic or mobility disabilities.
f. Multiple. These students have a combination of conditions, such as
orthopedically challenged and visually impaired.
II. SOCIAL CHANGE
Social change is the modification and alteration of a
pattern of behavior, social structure, social
organization, and social institution. Changes in society
cause changes in culture. When there is a social
change, industrialization urbanization, improved
transportation, mobilization of the population, desire
for material goods, prevalent compadre system, etc.
occur. Thus, the change affects or influences the
individual’s attitude and behavior in society.
1. Could you think of some ways how to
minimize inequality among
socioeconomic classes? Explain
2. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of having diverse
ethnicities in a country such as the
Philippines?
3. Schaefer (1990) pointed out that
“race, ethnicity, and religion serve as
the barriers to the harmonious
relationship between people and nation,
and can give tension within a society”
Do you agree? Why or why not?
As a Senior High School Student
how can you use your skills and
knowledge about Cultural Variation
and Social Differences to promote
DIVERSITY?