Python Syntax

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Elements of Python

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Variables

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Identifiers

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Identifiers

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6
Assignment Statement

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8
Multiple Assignments

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Comments in Python

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Types in Python

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12
Type Conversion (Type Cast)

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Example

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Type Conversion and Input

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Operators

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Binary Operations

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Unary Operators

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The // operator

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The % operator

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Recap

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What is the value assigned to x?
x = -5*4//2*3+-1*2;
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Basic Data Types in Python

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Strings

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String: Operations(1)

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String: Operations(2)

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String Operations: Indexing and
Slicing
 Strings can be indexed where the first
character has index 0
 Index can be positive as well as negative
 Negative indices start counting from the right
 Negatives indices start from -1
 -1 means last, -2 second last, ... , and so on
 Using an index that is too large or too small
results in “index out of range” error

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String Operations: Indexing and
Slicing
 To obtain a substring
 s[start : end] means substring of s starting at index start
and ending at index end-1
 s[0:len(s)] is same as s
 Both start and end are optional
 If start is omitted, it defaults to 0
 If end is omitted, it defaults to the length of string
 s[:] is same as s[0:len(s)], that is same as s

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More Slicing
>>> print(name[-4:-1]) # substring from fourth last character to the
second last character from end
>>> print(name[-4:]) # substring from fourth last character of string
>>> print(name[-4:4]) # substring from fourth last character to the
character at index 3

Understanding Indices for slicing

A c a d s
0 1 2 3 4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

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Out of Range Slicing A
0
c
1
a
2
d
3
s
4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

 Out of range indices are ignored for slicing

 when start and end have the same sign, if start
>=end, empty slice is returned

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Specifying a Stride in a String Slice

 >>> s = “Hello World"

 >>> s[0:6:2]
 >>> s[1:6:2]

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 Other String functions
capitalize() Converts the first character to upper case
casefold() Converts string into lower case
center() Returns a centered string
count() Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string
edswith() Returns true if the string ends with the specified value
find() Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of
where it was found
format() Formats specified values in a string
split() Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list

isalnum() Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric

isalpha() Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet
join() Joins the elements of an iterable to the end of the string
replace() Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified
value

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Unpacking Strings

 Strings are examples of sequences

 Indexing, slicing, concatenation, repetition
operations applicable on sequences
 Sequence Unpacking operation can be applied
to sequences to get the components
 Multiple assignment statement
 LHS and RHS must have equal length

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Exercises
 Q1. Read radius of a circle and side of a
square from user using single input() method.
Then calculate and display area of the circle
and the square.
 Input:
 3.33 3.33
 Output:
 Area of circle:34.82
 Area of square:11.09

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 Q2. Write a program that reads names of two
python files and strips the extension. The
filenames are then concatenated to form a
single string. The program then prints 'True' if
the newly generated string is palindrome, or
prints 'False' otherwise.
 Input: malay.py alam.py
 Output: True

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 Q3. Write a program that reads full name as a
input and returns abbreviations of the first
and middle names except the last name.
 Note that the abbreviations must be in capitals.
Also, only the first letter in the Surname must be in
higher case.
 Eg.
 Input: Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
 Output: S. R. Tendulkar

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