Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Concept, Characteristics and Forms

of Stratification Systems
MASTER TEACHER II
OBJECTIVES
• K: Identify the different forms of stratification systems;

• S: Analyze the concept, characteristics and forms of
stratification systems; and
• A: Develop the value of equality in dealing with all types of
people.
THINK, PAIR AND SHARE
*In two sentences, express
your stand based on the
picture
*Which part of the

pyramid has large
number of people?
Why?
*Is there a balance in the
distribution of wealth and
income? Why?
Sociologists use the term social stratification to
describe the system of social standing. Social
stratification refers to a society’s categorization
of its people into rankings of socioeconomic
tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race,
education, and power.
(Lumen Learning n.d.)
Types of Social Class in the Philippines
Three primary social classes exist in the Philippines:
•The low-income class,

•The middle-income class, and
•The high-income class.
The latest Family Income and Expenditure
Survey by the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA) shows that majority
(58.4%) of Filipinos belong to the low-
income class, while the middle class
comprises around 40% of the population.
Only 1.4% fall in the high-income class.
The Philippine Institute for
Development Studies (PIDS), the
government’s socioeconomic policy think
tank, notes that the low-income class has a
bigger share of the population because
they tend to have larger families than other
social classes.
The middle class is further classified into lower, middle, and
upper middle-income classes. In between the poor and the middle
class is another social class called the low income class—they’re
not middle class but not considered poor.
And then there’s the upper income class in between the middle
class and the rich.
Although people in this social class make six-digit figures

monthly, they’re not considered among the elite group of the
wealthiest in the Philippines.
For policy-making and public service
purposes, the Philippine government looks
at the per capita income (in relation to the
poverty threshold) to classify the income
level of its citizens and to assess their
standard of living.
The current official poverty threshold in the Philippines is
PHP 10,481, which is the minimum amount a family of
five needs in a month to buy their basic food and non-food
items. If your family income is higher than the poverty
threshold, the government doesn’t consider you poor.
Wondering what social class you’re in? Your guess might
not match the government’s definition of social classes.
The government defines the middle class as those earning
incomes between two to 12 times the poverty line. This
means if your family income is between around PHP
21,000 and PHP 125,000, you fall in the middle-income
class.
A 2018 PIDS study provides deeper insights into the

middle class in the Philippines. Here are some important
and interesting facts to know about the country’s middle
class vis-àvis their poor and low-income counterparts:
Facts about the Middle Class in the Philippines
Middle-income households have significantly greater

access to education, health, and other services (not
necessarily from the government). Most of them live in
urban areas, especially in Metro Manila and nearby areas.
Three in every four middle-income households

live in a space that they own, while 23% rent. A
small percentage (3%) of the middle class live in
the slums, but they make up a large chunk of
informal settlers in the country (42%).
This is attributed to the lack of affordable housing in the cities. Middle-
class workers have stable jobs (mostly salaried) in wholesale and retail
trade, transportation, communication, and government sectors. These
include sari-sari store owners, tricycle and jeep drivers, bus conductors,
call center agents, public school teachers, clerks, private-sector
employees, and government workers. They have higher educational
attainment, which is why more of them have better-quality jobs. Their
families are smaller with fewer children. Middleclass families spend
more on their children’s education, sending them to private schools and
getting them tutoring services. In Metro Manila and other traffic-
congested cities, most cars are owned by the middle class.
Middle-class households are less dependent on
the government, shifting away from using public
services and leaning towards private ones. This
is especially true in the case of transportation,
healthcare, and education.
(Zuleta 2022).
True or False game (two group) Team A and Team B
1.Middle-class families spend more on their children’s education
2.High-income class has a bigger share of the population.
3.Middle-class households are less dependent on the government.
4.Middle middle-income class has less than the official poverty
threshold.
5.Middle-class workers have stable jobs.
6.The current official poverty threshold in the Philippines is PHP 10,481
7.A small percentage (3%) of the middle class live in the slums.
8.Most cars are owned by the middle class.
9.Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its people.
10.Middle-income households have significantly greater access to
education.
Let’s see which group wins the game!
1.Middle-class families spend more on

their children’s education
The correct answer is
True
2. High-income class has a bigger share of

the population
False
3. Middle-class households are less

dependent on the government.
True
4. Middle middle-income class has less

than the official poverty threshold.
False
5. Middle-class workers have stable jobs

True
6. The current official poverty threshold in

the Philippines is PHP 10,481

True
7. A small percentage (3%) of the middle

class live in the slums.

True
8. Most cars are owned by the middle class.

True
9. Social stratification refers to a society’s

categorization of its people.

True
10. Middle-income households have

significantly greater access to education.

True
Group work
Group 1 Group 2
Write a short paragraph of your insights and reflection of Arrange the following jumbled letters into words. Explain
the topic/lesson. Each Word.
1. ationtificStra
2. weLor lasCs
3. ppeUr lascs
4. dleMid scsla
5. quaIlityne
Group 3 Group 4
*List as many social Based on the lesson, create a diagram which
problems that you can shows the hierarchy of social classes that exist
relate in the picture. in the Philippines.
*Based on the picture,
is there a system of
hierarchy that exist in
our society?
Assessment
Directions: Choose from the given options which are best described in
each of the items. Write only the letter which corresponds to the correct
answer

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Concept, Characteristics and Forms

• K: Identify the different forms of stratification systems;

*Which part of the

•The low-income class,

Although people in this social class make six-digit figures

A 2018 PIDS study provides deeper insights into the

Middle-income households have significantly greater

Three in every four middle-income households

1.Middle-class families spend more on

2. High-income class has a bigger share of

3. Middle-class households are less

4. Middle middle-income class has less

5. Middle-class workers have stable jobs

The correct answer is

6. The current official poverty threshold in

The correct answer is

7. A small percentage (3%) of the middle

The correct answer is

8. Most cars are owned by the middle class.

The correct answer is

9. Social stratification refers to a society’s

The correct answer is

10. Middle-income households have

The correct answer is

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