Mathematical Language and Symbols

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Mathematical

Language and
Symbols

• Language

• Language of Mathematics

• Three characteristics of the language


of Mathematics
Mathematical Symbols
• Symbols Meaning Example
• + add 3 + 7 =10
• - Subtract 10 – 3 = 7
• x multiply 9( 4 ) = 36
• / divide 36/ 4 = 9
• ( ) parenthesis 3( a + 3 )
• ℼ pi A= π
• = equals 1+1=2
• ˂ less than 2<3
• ˃ greater than 3>2
• ≈ Approximately equal to π ≈ 3.1415
• ≠ not equal to π≠3
• ◦ degrees
• ⸫ therefore a=b⸫b=a
• square root =6
English Language to Mathematical Language

• In English, nouns are used to name things we want to talk


about ( like people, places or things ); whereas sentence are
used to state complete thoughts. An English sentence has at
least one noun and at least one verb.
• Example, consider the sentence:
• Carol loves mathematics.

• Here, ‘Carol’ and ‘ mathematics’ are nouns; loves is a verb.
• The mathematical analog of a ‘noun ‘ will
be called an expression. An expression is
a name given to a mathematical object of
interest. Whereas in English we need to
talk about people, places, and things, we’ll
see that mathematics has many different
‘objects of interest’.
• The mathematical analog of a ‘sentence’
will also be called a sentence. A
mathematical sentence, just as an English
sentence, must state a complete thought.
The table below summarizes the analogy.

ENGLISH MATHEMATICS

Name given to an object NOUN( person, place, thing ) EXPRESSION


of interest: Examples: Carol, Manila, Examples: 5, 2+5, ½
book
A complete thought: SENTENCE SENTENCE
Examples:
The capital of the Philippines 3 + 4 = 7
is Manila.
• Numbers have a lots of different names. For
examples, the expressions

•5
• 2+3
• 10 / 2
• (6–2)+1
• 1 + 1+ 1 + 1 + 1

• All look different but all are names for the same
number.
• A mathematical sentence is the analog of an English
sentence; it is a correct arrangement of mathematical
symbols that states a complete thought.

• Sentences have verbs.


• In the mathematical sentence 3 + 5 = 8, the verb is “= “
Direction: Classify the following as:
• English noun
• English sentence
• Mathematical expression
• Mathematical sentence

1. Dog
2. 4
3. 1+3=4
4. Tuesday
5. 6–2=4
6. Three plus four equals seven. 3+4=7
7. The cat is white.
8. x+3
• English noun
• English sentence
• Mathematical expression
• Mathematical sentence

• 9. Carol is beautiful.
• 10. 3+4=7
• 11. Twice a number is equal to fourteen.
• 12. 7( 2 ) = 14
• 13. seven times two is fourteen.
• 14. x
• 15. x=2

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