Good afternoon Ma’am and

all my friends
Today I am going to present a PPT on topic
Machine Learning
 What is a Machine Learning
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence that involves algorithms and
data that automatically analyse and make decision by itself without human
intervention. It describes how computer perform tasks on their own by previous
experiences . It is not dependent on any explicit programming but the data fed into it .
It is a complicated process. . Therefore we can say in machine language artificial
intelligence is generated on the basis of experience
 History of
Machine learning
The term machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel, an American
 IBMer and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence.
 A representative book of the machine learning research during the 1960s was
the Nilsson's book on Learning Machines, dealing mostly with machine learning
for pattern classification . Interest related to pattern recognition continued into
the 1970s, as described by Duda and Hart in 1973. In 1981 a report was given on using teaching
strategies so that a neural network learns to recognize 40 characters (26 letters, 10 digits, and 4
special symbols) from a computer terminal. Modern day machine learning has two objectives,
one is to classify data based on models which have been developed, the other purpose is to
make predictions for future outcomes based on these models. A hypothetical algorithm specific
to classifying data may use computer vision of moles coupled with supervised learning in order
to train it to classify the cancerous moles. Where as, a machine learning algorithm for stock
trading may inform the trader of future potential predictions.
 Real Time examples of
Machine Learning
• TRAFFIC PREDICTION

• VIRTUAL PERSONAL ASSISTANT

• ONLINE TRANSPORTATION
4
• EMAIL SPAM FILTERING

• PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION

• ONLINE FRAUD DETECTION

• SOCIAL MEDIA SERVICES 5

 How Machine Learning
Works
• Gathering Data :- For the purpose of developing our machine learning model, our
first step would be to gather relevant data that can be used to differentiate.

• Preparing that Data :- Once we have gathered the data for the two features, our next
step would be to prepare data for further steps. A key focus of this stage is to recognize
and minimize any potential biases in our data sets for the 2 features. First, we would
randomize the order of our data
• Choosing a Model :- The selection of the model type is our next course of action once
we are done with the data-centric steps. There are various existing models developed
by data scientists which can be used for different purposes. These models are designed
with different goals in mind.
• Training :- At the heart of the machine learning process is the training of the model.
Bulk of the “learning” is done at this stage. Here we use the part of data set allocated
for training to teach our model to differentiate

• Evaluation :- With the model trained, it needs to be tested to see if it would operate
well in real world situations. That is why the part of the data set created for evaluation
is used to check the model’s proficiency. This puts the model in a scenario where it
encounters situations that were not a part of its training.

• Hyperparameter Tuning :- If the evaluation is successful, we proceed to the step of

hyperparameter tuning. This step tries to improve upon the positive results achieved during
the evaluation step. For our example, we would see if we can make our model even better
at recognizing things.

• Prediction :- The final step of the machine learning process is prediction. This is the stage
where we consider the model to be ready for practical applications.
 Machine Learning
Uses
1. In Energy feedstock :-
• Power usage analytics
• Smart grid management

2. In Financial Services :-
• Customer Segmentation
• Credit worthiness evaluation

3. In Travel & Hospitality :-

• Aircraft scheduling
• Congestion management
 4. Manufacturing :-
• Predictive Maintenance
• Demand forecasting
• Process optimization

5. Retail :-
• Predictive Inventory planning
• Recommendation Engines
• Customer ROI

6. Health care & Life science :-

• Alerts for patients
• Predictive health Management
• Healthcare provider sentiment analysis
Best programming language for ML
Some of best programming language for ML are-

• Python,
• java,
• C,
• C++,
• Shell,
• R,
• JavaScript,
• Scala,
• Shell
 Artificial Intelligence vs
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning
AI originated around 1950s. ML originated around 1960s.

AI represents simulate intelligence in machines. ML is the practice of getting machines to make

decisions without being programmed.

AI is a subset of data science. ML is a subset of AI & data science.

AI aims to build machines which are capable of ML aims to make machines learn through data so
thinking like humans. that they can solve problems.
 Pros and Cons of
Machine Learning
Advantages Disadvantages
• Easily identifies trends and patterns • High error susceptibility

• No human intervention needed • Data acquistion

• Continuous improvement • Interpretation Results

• Handling multi-dimensional & multi variety data • Time and Resources

and it is having wide applications.
 Types of ML
Machine Learning is of 3 types :-

• Supervised Learning – Train Me

• Unsupervised Learning – I am self sufficient in learning

• Reinforcement Learning – My life My rules(Hit & Trial)

 Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is one, where you can consider the learning is
guided by a teacher. We have a dataset which acts as a teacher and its
role is to train the model or the machine. Once the model gets trained it
can start making a prediction or decision when data is given to it.
Example- A routing software learns to find the fastest possible
route by checking the patterns in traffic data and road condition.
 Unsupervised Learning
The model learns through observation and finds structures in the data. Once
the model is given a dataset, it automatically finds patterns and relationships
in the dataset by creating clusters in it. What it cannot do is add labels to the
cluster, like it cannot say this a group or mangoes, but it will separate all the
apples from mangoes.
Example- A machine can predict which students are likely to show
improved performance in next exam by analyzing performance data of the
student in entire school.
 Reinforcement Learning

It is the ability of an agent to interact with the environment and find out
what is the best outcome. It follows the concept of hit and trial method .
The agent is rewarded or penalized with a point for a correct or a wrong
answer, and on the basis of the positive reward points gained the model
trains itself. And again once trained it gets ready to predict the new data
presented to it.
 Conclusion
We have a simple overview of some techniques and algorithms in machine
learning. Furthermore, there are more and more techniques apply
machines learning as a solution. In the future, machine learning will play
an important role in our daily life.
 Thank you

Hope you all have liked my presentation.

Submitted by:-
Suryansh Kumar Submitted to:-
Class- IX Mrs. Vijita pareek