Industrial Electronics

DEK 3113

ELECTRO PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM

Chapter 3
Intro of Electro-pneumatic system
 Pneumatic products represent a multi-billion dollar
industry today.

 Pneumatic devices are used in many industrial

applications.

 Most pneumatic devices are designed to use clean dry

air as an energy source.

 The actuator then converts that compressed air into

mechanical motion. The type of motion produced
depends on the design of the actuator.

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Into of electro-pneumatic system
-Electro pneumatic system consist of both
electrical and pneumatic system.
-Usage of electro pneumatic includes:
1) Packaging
2) Stamping, shearing & embossing part
3) Sorting part
4) Component stacking
5) Material stacking
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Example of pneumatic
connections/diagram:

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Example of electrical wiring/connection

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Solenoid symbol which moves the valve.

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Directional Control Valve: Port & Position
-directional control valve is attach with
solenoid, so that it can move forward &
backwards.
-the movement of the valve is allow
compressed air go into the airway of the
valve to control the movement of the
cylinder.

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Directional Control Valve: Port &
Position..cont
i) Valve switching positions are represented by squares

ii) The number of switching positions of the valve is

shown by the number of squares

iii) Lines indicates arrow show the direction of flow

paths

iv) Shut off positions are identified in the boxes by lines

at right angles

v) The connection (inlet and outlet ports) are

shown by lines on the outside of the box and
are drawn in the initial position.
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Several type of valve
Port or DIN ISO Lettering
5599 System
connection

Pressure port 1 P

Exhaust port 3 R

Exhaust ports 5,3 R,S

Signal 2,4 B,A

outputs

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Numbering system for pneumatic circuit
element
0.1 Air supply unit
1.0, 2.0 etc Working element (cylinder)
1.1,2.1 etc Control Element (solenoid)
1.01,1.02 etc Element btwn control element & working element-
one way flow control valve

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Control of single acting cylinder
-rest position, air supply shut off,
cylinder retracted by the spring.
-when switch closed, current flow
to the circuit & start to energize
solenoid coil
-Magnetic field created, push the
plunger that will slide the valve to
the right.
-This will allow the air to flow
inside
the piston & extend the piston.
-If switch released, the valve will
slide back & cause the air to stop.

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Control of double acting cylinder
-rest position, air supply flowing to
the cylinder piston rod via the
-rest [ pushing the piston at
valve and
rest/retraction position-no current
flow to the solenoid
-switch closed, energized solenoid
coil-magnetic field develop at
solenoid.
-magnetic filed develop push the
plunger and cause valve slide to
the right.
-this allow air flow inside the piston
via the other port & push/extend
the valve.
-when switch released, current not
flow, cause the magnetic field weaker
and vanish-valve slide to initial
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position.
Basic circuit for electro pneumatic circuit
1) AND 2) OR 3) NOT

5) Dominant
4) Memory
reset
latching

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Cont..

6) Dominant set

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Process Sequence Description

There are several method to describe

process sequence:
1) Simple narative
2) Boolean
3) Grafset
4) Motion diagram
5) Displacement diagram

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Simple narrative
A push button is used to turn on the conveyor belt
A that brings the bottles to the filing line. Sensor 1
that is placed at the center of the conveyor A will
stop the conveyor belt A upon detecting the bottle
and open the valve for filing for 2 second. After
that the conveyor belt will be on again until the bottle is
sensed by sensor 2 at the end of conveyor belt A.
Conveyor belt A once again stop and the solenoid is
energized for 3 seconds in order for the piston to push the
bottle to conveyor belt B. The process repeats until stop
button is pressed.
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cont..

1st: please identify input and output

Input: PB,Sensor 1,timer 1 contact(2
sec),sensor 2,timer 2 contact(3
sec)
Output:Conveyor A,valve,timer 1
coil(2 sec), solenoid,timer 2
coil(3 sec)

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Cont.
2nd: Please simplified the narrative statement

1) PB turns on conveyor A
2) Sensor1 stop conveyor A,open valve,timer 1 on for 2
sec
3) After timer 1 times up(after 2 sec),conveyor A on.
4) Sensor 2 stops the conveyor,energize solenoid,timer 2
on for 3 sec.
5) Timer 2 times up(after 3 sec),conveyor A on again.
6) Stop button reset all

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Boolean

1) Another one method to describe process

sequence.
2) Is a logic expression using gates.

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cont
Example:
The door of the automatic train will be locked if start button is
pushed and will unlocked when sensor 1 detects it’s arrival at
station 1. Sensor 2 that is placed at the entrance door of the train
will count the number of train passengers on that day.

 D= door ; D = lock , D’ = unlock

 S1 = sensor 1 ; S1 = sense , S1’ = not sense
 S2 = sensor 2 ; S2 = sense , S2’= not sense
 SB = start button ; SB = pressed ,SB’ = not pressed
 CNT = counter ;RB=reset button ;RB=reset, RB’=not reset
 Boolean:
 1. D = SB.S1’ D’=SB’.S1
 2. CNT = S2.S1.RB’

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Grafset
Example:

The tank system has the narrative

description below:
Fill the tank to level A from valve A
Fill the tank to level B from valve B
Start a timer, heater and stirrer for 5
minutes.
Open output valve C until the empty
switch engages.

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Cont.

I/O assignment:
input output
LA - level A VA –valve A
LB - Level B VB – valve B
ES – empty switch VC – valve C
TIM – timer contact(5 mins) TIM – timer coil(5 min)
- times up after 5 min. - timer on for 5 min.

SB - start button H – heater

ST - stirrer

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cont

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Motion Diagram

1) The input and the output are separated

with the input at the upper side and the
output is at the bottom side.

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Displacement Diagram

1) Presented in form of graph indicates the

position of the cylinders and the
displacement
Step 1 : Cyl1 and Cyl 2 extend
Step 2 : Cyl 1 retracts while Cyl 2 remains
extend for 3 seconds.
Step 3 : Cyl 1 remains retracts for 3 seconds
and Cyl 2 retracts
Step 4 - step 6 : The position of Cyl 1 and Cyl 2
similar as Step 1 – Step 3
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Con.

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Single Acting Cylinder

(a) Spring Retracted Type: A spring retracted

single acting cylinder develops thrust in
one direction only. The piston rod is
returned by the spring

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Cont’d…
1- Piston
2- Piston rod
3- Return Spring
4- Rod Cover
5- Head Cover
6- Piston Seal
7- Stopper Spring
8- Guiding Ring

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Cont’d…

 When compressed air is supplied to the

air port, the compressed air will act on
the piston extending the piston rod

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Cont’d…

 When the compressed air is allowed to

vent out of the air port, the spring force will
retract the piston rod

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Single Acting Cylinder

(b) Spring Extended Type: A spring

extended single acting cylinder develops
thrust in one direction only. The piston
rod is extended by the spring

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Cont’d…
 1- Piston
 2- Piston rod
 3- Return Spring
 4- Rod Cover
 5- Head Cover
 6- Piston Seal
 7- Stopper Spring
 8- Guiding Ring

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Cont’d…

 When compressed air is supplied to the air

port, the compressed air will act on the
piston retracting the piston rod

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Cont’d…

 When the compressed air is allowed to

vent out of the air port, the spring force will
extend the piston rod

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Double Acting Cylinder

 A double acting cylinder develops thrust in

both extending and retracting directions as
air pressure is applied alternately to
opposite sides of a piston

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Cont’d…

1- Piston
2- Piston Rod
3- Rod Cover
4- Head Cover
5- Piston Seal
6- Rod Seal

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Cont’d…

 The piston rod is pushed out when

compressed air goes in the inlet of the
head cover.
 If the compressed air goes in the inlet of
the rod cover and the air in the inlet of the
head cover is exhausted, the piston rod is
pushed back to its original position

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VALVES

 A directional control valve determines the

flow of air between its ports by opening,
closing or changing its internal
connections

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2/2 Valve

 To drive air motors and pneumatic tools

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3/2 Normally Closed Valve

 Used to drive single acting cylinders or act

as an on/off switch

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3/2 Normally Open Valve

 Used to drive single acting cylinders

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4/2 Valves

 To drive double acting cylinders, with a

common exhaust

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5/2 Valves

 To drive double acting cylinders with

individual exhaust

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5/3 Exhaust Center

 To drive double acting cylinders with the

possibility of stopping the cylinder in any
position

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5/3 Closed Center

 To drive double acting cylinders with the

possibility of stopping the cylinder in any
position

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5/3 Pressure Center

 Used to drive double acting, through rod

cylinder with the possibility of stopping the
cylinder in any position

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Example 1
The opening and closing the door (similar to bus door) is controlled by
using single acting cylinder. The opening of the door is activated by
using push button switch PB1. Means, when PB1 is pressed, the door is
open (Cylinder start to extend). LS1 will detect the full extension of
cylinder. (Door is fully open). The door remains open for 10 sec before it
is automatically closed.
Note: Use 3/2 way valve normally close.
Assume traveling time for cylinder from original
position to full extension (or
vice versa) is 1 sec.
1) Please list out input and output.
2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram

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Example 2
The opening and closing the door (similar to bus door) is controlled by
using double acting cylinder. The opening of the door is activated by
using push button switch PB1. Means, when PB1 is pressed, the door is
open (Cylinder start to extend). LS1 will detect the full extension of
cylinder. (Door is fully open). The door remains open for 10 sec before it
is automatically closed.
Note: Use 5/2 way directional valve.
Assume traveling time for cylinder from original position to full
extension (or vice versa) is 1 sec.
1) Please list out input and output.
2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram

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Exercise 1
A single acting cylinder will extend when
push button(PB) is pressed and will retract
when PB is released.
(i. Assume travelling time for single acting cylinder to move
from initial position to full extension/full retraction is 2 sec
ii. Use 3/2 valve NC)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram

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Exercise 2
A single acting cylinder will extend when
push button(PB) is pressed and will
retract when the extension position is
detected by Limit switch 1(LS1)
(Assume travelling time for single acting cylinder to move
from initial position to full extension/full retraction is 2 sec)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram
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Exercise 2-1
A single acting cylinder will extend when
push button(PB) is pressed and will start to
retract when it reach full extension position.
(Assume travelling time for single acting cylinder to move
from initial position to full extension/full retraction is 2 sec)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram
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Exercise 3
A single acting cylinder will extend when
push button (PB) is pressed. A lamp
will on when the piston has extended 15mm
from the initial position (detected by limit
switch 1(LS1)). The piston will retract to its
initial position and the lamp will off after 4
second.
(Assume travelling time for single acting cylinder to move
from initial position to full extension/full retraction is 2 sec)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram

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Exercise 4
PB will cause cyl. 1 extend until LS1 detect
which cause cyl. 2 extends too.LS2 at the
end of cyl. 2 will cause timer to activate for
10 sec. After 10 sec the lamp will on and at
the same time cyl. 1 and cyl. 2 will retract
It use single acting cyl. & 3/2 way NC valve.
(Assume travelling time for cyl 1 and cyl 2 from it full
retract to it full extend or vice versa is 1 sec)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.Need to mention the exact
time it need to extend and retract.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram
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Exercise 4-1
PB will cause cyl. 1 extend until LS1 detect
which cause cyl. 2 extends too. At it full extension,
it will cause timer to activate for
10 sec. After 10 sec the lamp will on and at
the same time cyl. 1 and cyl. 2 will retract
It use double acting cyl. & 5/2 way valve.
(Assume travelling time for cyl 1 and cyl 2 from it full
retract to it full extend or vice versa is 1 sec)

1) Please list out input and output.

2) Please draw grafset
3) Please draw motion diagram
4) Please draw displacement diagram.Need to mention the exact
time it need to extend and retract.
5) Please draw pneumatic and circuit diagram
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6. When PB is pressed, after 5 sec cylinder A will extend. At it full
extension, cylinder A will hit LS1 and caused timer to activate for 5
second before cylinder B start to activate. LS2 will detect the full
extension of cylinder B and remain at it full extension for 5 second
before cylinder A and B retract. When cylinder A at it full retraction, it
will hit LS3 which cause lamp to activate for 2 second.
Note: Cylinder A and B use single acting cylinder.
Use 3/2 ways valve normally close.
Assume traveling time for cylinder A and B from its origin to
full extension or vice versa is 2 second.

1. Draw grafset and motion diagram.

2. List out input and output.
3. Draw displacement diagram.
4. Draw pneumatic and circuit diagram.

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7. In order to drill piece of wooden block, we need to use double
acting cylinder A, B and C (5/2 way valve). When PB is pressed,
cylinder A will push the wooden block until wooden block is detected
by LS2 which cause cylinder C extend to hold the wooden block
from move. When cylinder C at it full extension, cylinder B will
extend. When LS3 detect the full extension of cylinder B, it will start
doing drilling process for 10 sec. When finished drilled (after 10
sec), cylinder B will retract. When cylinder B is fully retract, cylinder
A and cylinder C will start to retract.
(Note:
: Assume traveling time for cylinder A, B, C from origin state to
full retraction/full extension is 2 second)
: Solenoid for valve A (cylinder A)-Y1 and Y2
: Solenoid for valve B (cylinder B) -Y3 and Y4
: Solenoid for valve C (cylinder C) -Y5 and Y6

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 Cartesian Robot as shown above is used to transfer “Load” from point A
to point C.
It uses 3 different cylinders:
Double Acting Cylinder (5/2 way valve) : Move down (activate Y1) and up robot
hand (activate Y2).
Single Acting Cylinder (3/2 way valve NC): Grip (activate Y3) and ungrip the load.
Single Acting Cylinder (3/2 way valve NC): Move right (active Y4) and left
robot hands.

When PB is pressed, the robot hand move downwards until it detect by down
sensor. Then, the gripper start to grip the “Load” until it is detected by grip sensor.
After that, robot hand move upwards until it is detected by up sensor. Then, it move
towards right until it reach the most right position as shown in Figure 2 above.
After that, the robot hand move downward until it detect by down sensor. Then, the
gripper start to ungrip (release) the load until it detect by ungrip sensor. Then, it
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move upwards until it detect by up sensor. Finally, the robot hand will moves to its
original position (most left position).
Assume:
Time for cylinder to move from up to down (or vice versa) is 2 sec.
Time for cylinder to grip/ungrip the “Load” is 0.5 sec.
Time for cylinder to move from right to left (vice versa) is 5 sec.
Next action will not be executed unless previous action is executed
first.

1) Draw pneumatic diagram(de-energize & energize state

for DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER only)
2) Draw a motion diagram
3) Draw displacement diagram(Cylinder A,B and C)

Please include all traveling time in your diagram

4) Draw electric diagram

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