NR 18 - Aerial Lifts For Construction

Aerial Lifts
in
Construction
Aerial lifts for Construction
This material was produced under

grant number SH-05073-SH8 from
the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S.
Disclaimer Department of Labor.
It does not necessarily reflect the views or

policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial
products, or organizations imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
• Types of Lifts
Welcome
• Care / Inspections
• Safe Operation
• Types of Lifts
Module-1 • Care / Inspections
• Safe Operation
Aerial lifts for Construction - Types
Aerial lifts for Construction – Man
Man
Lifts Lifts
Aerial lifts for Construction – Scissor
Scissor
Lifts Lifts
Aerial lifts for Construction – Boom
Boom
Lifts Lifts
Selection of Aerial lifts for Construction
Selection
When deciding which Aerial Lift to choose for your specific job, the height
and the reach requirements, outdoor or indoor working environments, and
the weight capacity you’ll need for your particular job will tell you which
type of equipment you need.
You will need to train your employees on how to operate

specific types of aerial lifts properly and safely.
• Types of Lifts
• Safe Operation
Care & Inspections
Care & Inspections
ALWAYS Follow
the Manufacturer's
Instructions for
operations.
Located in the
compartment you
should also find a
list of items to be
inspected.
 Pre-start Inspection
Pre-start Inspection
Prior to each work shift, conduct a pre-
start inspection to verify that the
equipment and all its components are in
safe operating condition. Follow the
manufacturer's recommendations and
include a check of:
• Operating and Emergency Controls

• The Boom
• Guardrails
• Hydraulic System
• Outriggers
• Emergency Stop Buttons
• Tires
• Safety Guards and Sensors
• Emergency Descent System
Pre-start Inspection – Part 2 Aerial lifts for Construction
Ensure that the lift is always FULLY CHARGED before each use.
Do you drain the batteries?
Nothing ruins batteries more than running them dead..
Approximately 50% of
premature
battery failures
is caused by the loss
of water for normal
recharging charging
due to the lack of
maintenance,
evaporation from high
under hood heat,
Pre-start Inspection – Part 3 Aerial lifts for Construction
Inspect for Hydraulic oil leaks.
DO assess a leak as soon as it is

noticeable.
A minor leak could be a sign of a more

severe problem within your hydraulic
system. Resolving the issue as soon as
possible can help prevent further
performance issues and inefficiencies.
Time is of the essence regarding hydraulic
leaks!
Pre-start Inspection – Part 4
CAUTION!
DON’T ever use your hand to check for
a hydraulic leak!
Hydraulic fluid can reach temperatures of

300 degrees Fahrenheit or higher which
would result in a severe burn if it were to
ever meet your skin.
These leaks can have a velocity of more
than 600 feet per second and have been
known to inject fluid through the skin,
including that which is covered with thick
leather gloves. Burns such as these would
require immediate medical attention,
possible amputation
Pre-start Inspection – Part 5
You should routinely inspect all tires for
Cuts, tears, or missing chunks to the tread

area and sidewalls. Additionally, solid
rubber tires should be frequently checked
to ensure they are completely bonded to
the rim.
• Types of Lifts
• Safe Operation
Safe Operation
Start with a Worksite inspection
It is necessary to inspect the work site also. Items to inspect

include:
• The surface on which the lift will be used,

• Hazards that might create dangerous driving conditions,
• Above hazards that may effect personal while the lift is
extended,
• Weather conditions
(Additional inspections may be required by the lift manufacturer.)

Safe Operation - Part 2
Failure to cordon off:
• Aerial lifts have been struck by other

construction equipment or oncoming traffic
when the work
area is not properly marked or cordoned
off.
• Workers can be injured if they

inadvertently
enter an unmarked area and are struck by
falling
material, tools, or debris.
• In unmarked areas, workers can be

injured
by swinging booms and pinched by scissor
mechanisms
Safe Operation – Part 3
Make sure that you have received proper training
(both general training and hands-on practical training)
Thoroughly read the operator’s manual

and safety signs on the machine, and
understand the function and location of
all safety devices and controls before
beginning operation.
Fatalities caused by falls from elevation

continue to be a leading cause of death
for construction workers. Please ensure
that platform gates close and or chains
are attached.
When you have reached your

work area, Push the Emergency
Stop Button, to be sure the lift
does not move.
Pushing in the Red Emergency

Stop button to the off position
will stop all functions and turns
the engine off.
Pull out the red Emergency Stop

button to the on position to run
the machine again.
 Always watch out for
pedestrian.
 Be sure to beep horn and

clearly communicate your
moves.
 Never allow anyone to climb

the sides of lift.
Ladders must NEVER be used on the platform. Just one

step on the ladder, makes the guard rails lower and
ineffective.
Trained and Aerial lifts for Construction
Authorized
Operators
• Only operate Aerial Lifts if trained and Authorized
• Understand Operating Instructions and Safety rules.
• Receive Hands-on Training from a Qualified Person.
• Know how to Inspect Equipment and Work Area.
• Demonstrate How to Safely Operate Equipment.
• Keep at Least 10 feet Away from Power Lines.
• Never disable a safety or warning device.

AerialOperation
Safe lifts for Construction
– Part 7
 Use the Aerial lift

outside only when
weather conditions are
good.
 Scissor lifts rated for

outdoor use are
generally limited to wind
speeds below 28 miles
per hour.
 Weather Factors and Aerial Work Platforms
Weather conditions can adversely affect Aerial Work Platform lifting activities. They need to
be thoroughly considered both during the planning and execution of a Boom lift or Scissor
Lift. Special efforts may be required to ensure adequate warning is provided to avoid a
sudden storm disrupting a lift in progress.
 WIND
Note: In the absence of manufacturers’ specific written advice, seriously consider postponing
use of the lift if the wind speed/gust is in the range of 15-28 mph. Above 28 mph use of the
lift must be canceled.
Is Fall Protection Needed?
 In almost every industry, there are areas where workers are
subjected to fall hazards.
When selecting fall protection equipment, three components make up a
complete fall protection system. These are the ABC’s of fall protection:
Anchorage... Body support… Means of Connection
Each one must be in place and properly used to provide maximum worker
protection.
The connecting device is the most critical link in assembling a safe fall
protection system since it bears the greatest force during a fall.
OSHA Standard 1926.503(a)(1)
Fall Protection The employer shall provide a

training program for each
employee who might
be exposed to fall hazards.
The program shall enable each
employee to recognize the hazards
of falling and shall train each
employee in the procedures to
minimize these hazards.
HIERARCHY OF FALL PROTECTION
HIERARCHY OF FALL PROTECTION
Elimination or Substitution Most Effective
Passive Fall Protection

Active Fall Restraint System
Active Fall Arrest System
Administrative Controls Least Effective
Personal Fall Arrest Systems
(PFAS)
Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)
 A PFAS consists of the following components:
Anchorage Point
Body Harness
Connector
(PFAS) – Part 2
Anchorage Point
Body Harness 1926.502(d)(15)

Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest
equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being
used to support or suspend platforms and capable of
Connector supporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2 kN) per employee
attached.
Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS) –
Part 3
Anchorage Point
Body Harness OSHA defines a Body Harness as:

“… straps which may be secured about the employee in a
manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at
least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with
Connector means for attaching it to other components of a personal
fall arrest system”
(PFAS) – Part 4
Anchorage Point
Connector
The connecting subsystem is the critical link which joins
Body Harness the body wear to the anchorage/anchorage connector. It can
be an energy-absorbing lanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting
lanyard, rope grab, or retrieval system. Connecting means
will vary depending on whether the worker is equipped for
Connector personal fall arrest or work positioning and travel restriction
Review
Knowledge Check
1. What are the three basic types of lifts

used in Construction?
Knowledge Check – Part 2
1. What are the three basic types of lifts

used in Construction?
a. Man Lifts
b. Scissor lifts
c. Boom Lifts (articulating lifts)

2. A Pre-Start inspection should

include….
2. A Pre-Start inspection should include….
a. Operating and Emergency Controls

b. Guardrails
c. Hydraulic System
d. Outriggers
e. Emergency Stop Buttons
f. Tires
g. Safety Guards and Sensors
h. Emergency Descent System
When inspecting the work site, you
3.
must also look for what?
When inspecting the work site, you
3.
must also look for what?
a) The surface on which the lift will be used.
b) Hazards that might create dangerous driving

conditions.
c) Above hazards that may effect personal while the lift

is extended.
d) Weather conditions.
4. Is fall protection needed in a scissor
lift?
Knowledge Check – Part
8
4. Is fall protection needed in a scissor
lift?
When working at heights, employees need to

be protected from falling.
On a scissor lift, a fall protection harness is
not required, provided that the guardrails on
the scissor lift meet the requirements of
the fall protection standard.
Additional Resources
 OSHA website: http://www.osha.gov and OSHA offices: Call or
Write (800-321-OSHA)
 Compliance Assistance Specialists in the area offices
 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) –

OSHA’s sister agency
 OSHA Training Institute Education Centers
Standards that Apply OSHA Standards: 29 CFR 1910.67, 29 CFR 1910.269(p), 29 CFR 1926.21,
29 CFR 1926.453, 29 CFR 1926.502. American National Standards Institutes standards:
ANSI/SIA A92.2-1969, ANSI/SIA A92.3, ANSI/SIA A92.5, ANSI/SIA A92.6.

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Aerial Lifts

This material was produced under

It does not necessarily reflect the views or

Module-1 • Care / Inspections

You will need to train your employees on how to operate

Module-2 • Care / Inspections

• Operating and Emergency Controls

Inspect for Hydraulic oil leaks.

DO assess a leak as soon as it is

A minor leak could be a sign of a more

Hydraulic fluid can reach temperatures of

You should routinely inspect all tires for

Cuts, tears, or missing chunks to the tread

Module-3 • Care / Inspections

It is necessary to inspect the work site also. Items to inspect

• The surface on which the lift will be used,

(Additional inspections may be required by the lift manufacturer.)

• Aerial lifts have been struck by other

• Workers can be injured if they

• In unmarked areas, workers can be

Thoroughly read the operator’s manual

Fatalities caused by falls from elevation

When you have reached your

Pushing in the Red Emergency

Pull out the red Emergency Stop

 Be sure to beep horn and

 Never allow anyone to climb

Ladders must NEVER be used on the platform. Just one

• Understand Operating Instructions and Safety rules.

• Receive Hands-on Training from a Qualified Person.

• Know how to Inspect Equipment and Work Area.

• Demonstrate How to Safely Operate Equipment.

• Keep at Least 10 feet Away from Power Lines.

• Never disable a safety or warning device.

 Use the Aerial lift

 Scissor lifts rated for

OSHA Standard 1926.503(a)(1)

Fall Protection The employer shall provide a

Elimination or Substitution Most Effective

Passive Fall Protection

Body Harness 1926.502(d)(15)

Body Harness OSHA defines a Body Harness as:

1. What are the three basic types of lifts

1. What are the three basic types of lifts

c. Boom Lifts (articulating lifts)

2. A Pre-Start inspection should

a. Operating and Emergency Controls

b) Hazards that might create dangerous driving

c) Above hazards that may effect personal while the lift

When working at heights, employees need to

 Compliance Assistance Specialists in the area offices

 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) –

 OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

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