Scribd
Upload
109 views29 pages

Conjunctions of Contrast and Reason

This document provides information about conjunctions of contrast and reason. It discusses conjunctions of contrast such as in spite of, despite, although, even though, and though. It explains that these conjunctions are followed by a subject and verb or noun phrase. The document also covers conjunctions of reason like because, as, since, because of, due to, thanks to, and owing to. It notes that these conjunctions link two related clauses and provide an explanation or reason. Examples are given to illustrate the proper use of each conjunction. The last parts include exercises for learners to practice using these conjunctions correctly in sentences.

Uploaded by

Hacker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
109 views29 pages

Conjunctions of Contrast and Reason

This document provides information about conjunctions of contrast and reason. It discusses conjunctions of contrast such as in spite of, despite, although, even though, and though. It explains that these conjunctions are followed by a subject and verb or noun phrase. The document also covers conjunctions of reason like because, as, since, because of, due to, thanks to, and owing to. It notes that these conjunctions link two related clauses and provide an explanation or reason. Examples are given to illustrate the proper use of each conjunction. The last parts include exercises for learners to practice using these conjunctions correctly in sentences.

Uploaded by

Hacker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Conjunctions of

Contrast and Reason


Learn this!
Conjunctions of Contrast

Conjunctions of Contrast include:


• In spite of / Despite
• Although / Even though
• Though
In spite of / despite

After in spite of and despite we use a noun phrase.

We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain.


Despite having qualifications, I wasn’t offered the job.
In spite of / despite

We can use in spite of and despite with a subject and verb if we include
the expression the fact that.

In spite of the fact that it rained, we enjoyed our holiday.


Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass
the exam.
Although

After although we use a subject and a verb. Although and but never go
together in a sentence.

Although it rained, we enjoyed our holiday.


OR
It rained, but we enjoyed our holiday.
Even though

Even though is a slightly stronger form of although. Like although,


even though is followed by a subject and a verb.

We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have


enough money.
Though

• Though can be used to replace although or despite the fact that.

Though Malta is a very small island, its history is long and rich.

• Though can be used at the end of a sentence to replace anyway.

“Would you like something to drink, Tom?”


“I’ve just had some water. Thanks, though.”
Though

• Though can be used at the beginning or at the end of a clause to


replace but or however.

I don’t usually drink coffee, though I’ve had 2 cups today.


I don’t usually drink coffee. I’ve had 2 cups today though.
Conjunctions of Reason

Conjunctions of Reason include:


• Because / As / Since
• Because of / Thanks to / Due to / Owing to
Because / As / Since

- Because is followed by a subject and a verb.

Because she spent all night surfing the web, she feels sick now.
I bought a new bike because my bike kept breaking down.

- As and since can also be used to replace because, but they


are more formal.
Because / As / Since

We use because, NOT as or since, in questions where the


speaker proposes a reason:

Are you feeling unwell because you ate too much?


Because of / Due to / Thanks to / Owing to

- All these are followed by a noun phrase. Never use VING


after these conjunctions.

The flight was delayed because of bad weather.


A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
Thanks to Sandy, I heard about the job.
Because of / Due to / Thanks to / Owing to

We can use these conjunctions with a subject and verb if we include


the expression ‘the fact that’.

- He was fired because of the fact that he openly opposed his boss.
- Due to the fact that Mr. Ted abandoned his children, they hated him
very much.
Conjunctions of Contrast
and Reason
Practice!
PART 1 – Match the two halves of the sentences.
Supply the correct form of the words or verbs in the
parentheses.

1 Though we didn’t have a lot of money,


… we still bought our son a gift for his birthday.
2 William was not punished
… despite his racist jokes.
3 Luckily, nobody was hurt
… in spite of the earthquake.
4 Although we went to university together,
… we are not close friends.
PART 1 – Match the two halves of the sentences.
Supply the correct form of the words or verbs in the
parentheses.

5 We all love and respect Sue


… even though she has a temper.
6 In spite of the cold weather,
… we still went for a walk.
7 Because he stays up late,
… he often feels tired in the morning
8 The man was able to lift that bike
… due to his incredible strength.
Part 2 - Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
Make use of the conjunctions you have just learned.

1 I enjoy water sports. I don’t enjoy swimming in the sea.


→ Even though I enjoy water sports, I don’t enjoy …
2 I work overtime whenever I can. However, I never save enough
money.
→ In spite of working overtime whenever I can, I never …
3 The book was a bestseller. The movie was a flop.
→ The movie was a flop even though the book was a bestseller.
Part 2 - Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
Make use of the conjunctions you have just learned.

4 I eat a lot of fat, yet I always manage to stay slim.


→ Despite eating a lot of fat, I always …
5 She studies fashion and design, but she has no dress sense.
→ She studies fashion and design, although she has no …
6 Angel never arrived on time for her classes. Nevertheless, she
achieved an outstanding GPA.
→ In spite of never arriving on time for her classes, Angel achieved an
…
Part 2 - Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
Make use of the conjunctions you have just learned.

7 The Central District is heavily polluted. It attracts thousands of visitors


every day.
→ Due to the fact that the Central District attracts thousands of visitors
every day, it is heavily polluted.
→ Despite the heavy pollution in the Central District, it attracts
thousands of visitors every day.
Part 2 - Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
Make use of the conjunctions you have just learned.

8 I was tired after the journey. I had been driving non-stop for twelve
hours.
→ Because I had been driving non-stop for twelve hours, I was tired after
the journey
9 I was ill for several months and I lost my job.
→ I lost my job because I was ill for several months.
10 We will have to cancel the picnic. It is raining again.
→ Due to the rain, we will have to cancel the picnic.
Part 2 - Rewrite the sentences using the words given.
Make use of the conjunctions you have just learned.

11 Lisa was so helpful, so we finished the project on time.


→ Thanks to Lisa’s help, we finished the project on time.
12 The match was cancelled. The weather was not good enough.
→ The
match was cancelled because of the bad weather.
Part 3 - Put the conjunctions below into the correct
spaces in the text. In some cases, more than one
option is possible

because of since in spite of because as although

Management Services Report because/since/as


Many of the public areas are obstructed 1................................ some
residents have been putting personal belongings outside the doors.
In spiteposted
2................................ warnings of on the notice boards, some
residents have continued to do this.
Part 3 - Put the conjunctions below into the correct
spaces in the text. In some cases, more than one
option is possible

because of since in spite of because as although

Another problem is waste disposal. Some residents fail to put the lids
back on the bins and 3......................................because of
this thoughtlessness,
cockroaches have been sighted on the stairwells. 4................................
we have laid baitAlthough
traps all over the building, we cannot solve the
problem 5................................ people continue tobecause/since/as
leave rubbish
exposed.
Part 3 - Put the conjunctions below into the correct
spaces in the text. In some cases, more than one
option is possible

because of since in spite of because as although

Because/Since/As
6........................................ such behaviour poses a severe health hazard,
we should consider legal action against persistent offenders.
Part 4 - Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
Put Ø if there is no need for one.

Ø
1 Despite ................ the rain, we still went to the park.
although we didn’t really
2 We decided to go to Joe’s house .............................
know the way.
though
3 Even ....................... he lives alone, he still doesn’t feel very lonely.
4 Tom bought two kilos of apples ....................... the fact that his mom
told him to buy only one. despite
Part 4 - Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
Put Ø if there is no need for one.

5 Alice and Denise are looking forward to the concert, ......................


although
they do not have enough money to buy the tickets.
6 Thanks ................ her efforts, the dog was rescued.
to
7 Because his son does not listen to him, ................ he feels very
unhappy. Ø
8 In ................ of his illness, he still went to work.
spite
Part 4 - Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
Put Ø if there is no need for one.

Owing to an increased interest in the new product, the company


9 ................
has opened two more manufacturing plants.
to his incompetence at work.
10 He was made redundant due ................
Part 5 - Complete the sentences with despite / in
spite of or although / even though.

Although
1 .......................... exams are important, students also need to
continue doing their hobbies.
despite the
2 Many young people enjoy extreme sports, ..........................
danger.
although many teenagers
3 Cooking is an important life skill, ..........................
cannot do it.
Part 5 - Complete the sentences with despite / in
spite of or although / even though.

despite having
4 Most teenagers relax in the evenings, .......................... large
amounts of homework.
5 You learn as much from extra-curricular activities as you do in
even though you don’t do exams in them.
lessons, .......................................
although
6 You can learn a musical instrument at any age, .......................... it’s
easier when you are young.

You might also like