Investigation 7 - Experience 2 - Chemical Calculations - Updated

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Storyline 2: Understanding

Chemical Reactions
Investigation 7- Stoichiometry
Experience 2: Chemical Calculations
Standard
• Use mathematical representations and provide experimental
evidence to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are
conserved during a chemical reaction. Use the mole concept and
proportional relationships to evaluate the quantities (masses or
moles) of specific reactants needed in order to obtain a specific
amount of product.
Learning Objectives

• Use the mole ratio in a chemical reaction to relate amounts of


participating substances.
• Develop and use a model of different units of measurement.
• Calculate and communicate data on different units of measurement.
Success Criteria

• I can write the mole ratios for different chemical reactions.

• I can apply mole ratios to perform mole-mole calculations Or mass- mole.

• I can use dimensional analysis to determine the mass of reactant required to


obtain a given amount of product.
Key Words
• Stoichiometry
• Representative particles
• Mass, moles, volume
• Mole ratios
Pre-Assessment- Use Nearpod to answer the
following questions
• What is the law of conservation of mass?

• What are different types of representative particles?

• What is the relationship between moles and mass? Moles and volume at STP?
Stochiometric Calculations
• Mole-to-Mole.
• Mass-to-Mole.
• Mole-to-Mass.
• Mass-to-Mass.
• Volume- to- Volume.
Mole Ratios

• A mole ratio is a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a


balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles. In chemical
calculations, mole ratios are used to convert between a given number of moles
of reactant or product to moles of a different reactant or product.
Mole- Mole Calculations
• Mole ratios can be used in a mole-mole calculation, which is a conversion
between a given number of moles of one reactant or product and moles
of another reactant or product. If you’re given the number of moles of
one of the substances, then you can use the appropriate mole ratio to
calculate the moles of the wanted substance.
Practice Example
1. How many moles of O2 would you need to produce 25 mol H2O from the
reaction of H2 and O2?
2. How many moles of NH3 are produced when 0.60 mol of nitrogen react with
hydrogen?
3. Butane, C4H10, is the gas burned in disposal lighters.
• Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of butane.
• How many moles of oxygen are needed to burn 1.2 moles of butane in a
lighter?
Task 1
1. This equation shows the formation of aluminum oxide, which is found on
the surface of aluminum objects exposed to the air. How many moles of
aluminum are needed to form 3.7 mol Aluminum oxide?

2. In a spacecraft, the carbon dioxide exhaled by astronauts can be removed


by its reaction with lithium hydroxide, LiOH, according to the following
chemical equation.​
CO2 (g) + LiOH (s) → Li2CO3 (s) + H2O (l)
How many moles of lithium hydroxide are required to react with 20 moles of
CO2, the average amount exhaled by a person every day?
Mole to Mass
• Silicon carbide, SiC, is a hard substance made by combining silicon
dioxide with carbon. Carbon dioxide is also produced.   
• Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.  
• What mass in grams of SiC and CO2 is formed from the complete
reaction of 2 mol of carbon? 
Task 2
• When sodium azide, NaN3, is activated in an automobile airbag, nitrogen
gas and sodium are produced. 
• Write the balanced chemical equation. 
• If 0.5 mol of NaN3 reacts, what mass of nitrogen and sodium would result?
Success Criteria

• I can apply mole ratios to perform mole-mole calculations Or mass- mole.


• I can use dimensional analysis to determine the mass of reactant required to
obtain a given amount of product.
• I can calculate the volume of a reactant or product at STP.
• I can determine the number molecules of a product.
Mass- Mole
• Oxygen was discovered by Joseph Priestley in 1774 when he heated
mercury (II) oxide to decompose it to form its constituent elements. 
• Write the balanced chemical equation. 
• How many moles of mercury (II) oxide, HgO, are needed to produce 125
g of oxygen, O2? 
• How many moles of mercury are produced?​
Task 3
• The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric acid is the catalytic
oxidation of ammonia. The reaction is run using 824 g NH3. 
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) 

• How many moles of NO are formed? 

• How many moles of H2O are formed? 


Extended Practice
• Titanium tetrachloride is extracted from titanium oxide using chlorine and
carbon according to the equation below.
TiO2 + C + Cl2→ TiCl4 + CO2 
• What mass of C is needed to react with 1.25 mol of TiO2? 
• What is the mass of carbon dioxide produced by the reaction?
Formative assessment
• The disinfectant liquid hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes to form water
and oxygen gas.
• Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
• How many moles of oxygen will result from the decomposition of 5 moles
of hydrogen peroxide?
• How many moles of water will be produced?
Mass to Mass
• Tin(II)fluoride, is used in some toothpastes. It is made by the reaction of tin
with hydrogen fluoride, HF. Hydrogen gas is also produced
• Write the balanced chemical equation. 

• How many grams of SnF2 are produced from the reaction of 30.00 g HF? 

• How many grams of Sn react? 


Task 1
• Ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3), an important fertilizer, produces dinitrogen
monoxide gas and water when it decomposes.
• Determine the mass of H2O produced from the decomposition of 25.0 g of
solid NH4NO3. 
Task 2
• The Titan rocket uses a combination of hydrazine, N2H4, and dinitrogen
tetroxide, as a rocket fuel according to the reaction.
N2H4 + N2O4 → N2 + H2O

• If 200 g of hydrazine are used, how many grams of nitrogen are


produced? 
Task 3
• Laughing gas (nitrous oxide, N2O) is sometimes used as an anesthetic in
dentistry. It is produced when ammonium nitrate is decomposed. Water is
also produced.
• Write the balanced chemical equation. 
• How many grams of NH4NO3 are required to produce 33.0 g N2O? 
• How many grams of water are produced in this reaction? 
Formative Assessment
• Calculate the number of grams of NH3 produced when 5.40 g H2 react with an excess of
N2. The balanced equation is N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g).

• Acetylene gas (C2H2) is produced by adding water to calcium carbide (CaC2).

• How many grams of C2H2 are produced when water is added (in excess) to 5.00 g
CaC2?
Volume-Volume Calculations

• A volume-volume calculation is a conversion between a given volume of


one reactant or product and the volume of another reactant or product.
Volume-volume calculations only apply to gases at STP because the molar
volume is used as a conversion factor.
Practice example
• Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and oxygen gas combine to form the brown gas
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which contributes to photochemical smog. How
many liters of NO2 are produced when 34 L O2 react with an excess of
NO at STP? The balanced equation is 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g).
Task 1
• How many liters of oxygen are required to burn 3.86 L of carbon
monoxide?
Calculating Molecules of a Product
Task 3
• How many molecules of oxygen are produced when 6.54 g of potassium
chlorate (KClO3) decompose?
Formative Assessment

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