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3CSE1-Unit 8

This document discusses data link layer concepts including link addresses, the role of the data link layer, data link layer services like framing, flow control, error control and congestion control. It describes different data link protocols including ARP, HDLC, PPP and their use of framing, addressing, error detection and connection establishment. Specific topics covered include link layer addressing, framing methods, flow control using buffers, error control using CRC, stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols, and network layer protocols tunneled over PPP connections.

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Raj Chauhan
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47 views46 pages

3CSE1-Unit 8

This document discusses data link layer concepts including link addresses, the role of the data link layer, data link layer services like framing, flow control, error control and congestion control. It describes different data link protocols including ARP, HDLC, PPP and their use of framing, addressing, error detection and connection establishment. Specific topics covered include link layer addressing, framing methods, flow control using buffers, error control using CRC, stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols, and network layer protocols tunneled over PPP connections.

Uploaded by

Raj Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT)

Chandubhai S Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT)

CE257: DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING


Unit 8: Data link control

By:
Jignesh Patel
[email protected]
Introduction

Introduction
• What is link address?
A. IP address
B. Port Number
C. Physical address
• What is role of Data-link layer?

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 2


Introduction to data link layer

Nodes and Links

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 3


Introduction to data link layer

Services
• Framing
• Flow control
• Error control
• Congestion control

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 4


Introduction to data link layer

Links and sub Layers


• Point to point

• Broadcast

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 5


Introduction to data link layer

Link layer addressing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 6


Introduction to data link layer

Link layer addressing


• Which protocols can be used to know Destination IP
address?
A. ARP
B. DNS
C. HTTP

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 7


Introduction to data link layer

Link layer addressing


• Which protocols can be used to know MAC address for
known destination IP address?
A. ARP
B. DNS
C. HTTP

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 8


Introduction to data link layer

Three Types of addresses


• Unicast: A3:34:45:11:92:F1
• Multicast: A2:34:45:11:92:F1 (2nd digit is even)
• Broadcast: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 9


Introduction to data link layer

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)


The ARP protocol is one of the auxiliary protocols
defined in the network layer

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 10


Introduction to data link layer

ARP packet

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 11


Introduction to data link layer

ARP operation

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 12


DLC Services

DLC Services: Framing


• Framing separates a message from one source to a
destination by adding a sender address and a
destination address.
• Why sender/source address is important?
• Can we send whole message in single frame?
• How boundaries of the frame are decided?
• Fix size frame
• Variable size frame

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 13


Framing

Character oriented framing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 14


Framing

Character oriented framing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 15


Framing

bit oriented framing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 16


Framing

bit oriented framing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 17


DLC Services

DLC Services: Flow control

• Buffers

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 18


DLC Services

DLC Services: error control


• CRC is used for error control
• Two methods:
1. frame is corrupted, it is silently discarded; if it is not
corrupted, the packet is delivered to the network layer
2. frame is corrupted, it is silently discarded; if it is not
corrupted, an acknowledgment is sent

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 19


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol
• It can be connection less or connection oriented

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 20


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Simple Protocol

Finite State Machine (FSM):

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 21


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Simple Protocol


Example:

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 22


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Stop-and-Wait protocol

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 23


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Stop-and-Wait protocol


Finite State Machine (FSM):

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 24


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Stop-and-Wait protocol


Example 1:

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 25


DLC Protocol

DLC protocol: Stop-and-Wait protocol


Example 2:

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 26


Piggybacking

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 31


HDLC

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)


• Two transfer modes
• normal response mode (NRM)

• asynchronous balanced mode (ABM)

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 32


HDLC

HDLC: Framing
1. Information frame (I frame)
2. supervisory frames (S-frames)
3. unnumbered frames (U-frames)

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 33


HDLC

HDLC: Framing
• Flag: This field contains synchronization pattern
01111110
• Address: for primary: to address
for secondary: from address
• Control: used for flow/error control
• Information: contain information
• FCS: Frame check sequence contain 2 to 4 byte CRC code

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 34


HDLC

HDLC: Framing
• Control:

I frame:
1. O define I frame
2. N(S) sequence for frame
3. N(R) sequence for ACK
4. P/F: poll for sender to receiver and final for reverse

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 35


HDLC

HDLC: Framing
• Control:

S frame:
1. 1O define s frame
2. N(R) sequence for ACK
3. P/F: poll for sender to receiver and final for reverse
4. code:
1. 00-> receive ready (RR)
2. 01-> receive not ready (RNR)
3. 10-> reject (REJ)
4. 11-> selective reject (SREJ)
CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 36
HDLC

HDLC: Framing
• Control:

U frame:
1. 11 define U frame
2. Used for system management information
3. Code (2+3): for 32 type of U frame

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 37


HDLC:Framing

Example

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 38


PPP

POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL (PPP)


• Framing:

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 39


PPP

POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL (PPP)


• Transition phases:

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 40


PPP

Multiplexing

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 41


PPP

LCP

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 42


PPP

LCP
LCP packets

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 43


PPP

LCP

• ID: holds a value that matches a request with a reply. \


• Length: the length of the entire LCP packet.
• Information: contains information, such as options, needed for some LCP
packets.

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 44


PPP

Authentication protocol
• Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 45


PPP

Authentication protocol
• Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 46


PPP

Network Control Protocols


• Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 47


PPP

Network Control Protocols


• Internet Protocol

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 48


PPP

Multilink PPP

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 49


PPP

Example

CE257 Unit 8 Jignesh Patel 50

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