Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 82 views

    Nuclear Reactor Power Systems 10 05

    Uploaded by

    Adhi Sandeep
    This document discusses nuclear reactor power systems. It begins with an overview and introduction to nuclear reactors and their categories. The speaker is introduced, including his education and experience. The main reactor types are then described in more detail: light water reactors (including boiling water and pressurized water reactors), heavy water reactors (CANDU and RBMK), and other categories. Examples of past nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl are provided. The document concludes with a summary that nuclear power reactors serve the same role as other power sources, there are multiple reactor types, and more recent accidents could have been prevented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Nuclear Reactor Power Systems 10 05

    Uploaded by

    Adhi Sandeep
    82 views26 pages
    This document discusses nuclear reactor power systems. It begins with an overview and introduction to nuclear reactors and their categories. The speaker is introduced, including his education and experience. The main reactor types are then described in more detail: light water reactors (including boiling water and pressurized water reactors), heavy water reactors (CANDU and RBMK), and other categories. Examples of past nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl are provided. The document concludes with a summary that nuclear power reactors serve the same role as other power sources, there are multiple reactor types, and more recent accidents could have been prevented.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses nuclear reactor power systems. It begins with an overview and introduction to nuclear reactors and their categories. The speaker is introduced, including his education and experience. The main reactor types are then described in more detail: light water reactors (including boiling water and pressurized water reactors), heavy water reactors (CANDU and RBMK), and other categories. Examples of past nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl are provided. The document concludes with a summary that nuclear power reactors serve the same role as other power sources, there are multiple reactor types, and more recent accidents could have been prevented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    82 views26 pages

    Nuclear Reactor Power Systems 10 05

    Uploaded by

    Adhi Sandeep
    This document discusses nuclear reactor power systems. It begins with an overview and introduction to nuclear reactors and their categories. The speaker is introduced, including his education and experience. The main reactor types are then described in more detail: light water reactors (including boiling water and pressurized water reactors), heavy water reactors (CANDU and RBMK), and other categories. Examples of past nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl are provided. The document concludes with a summary that nuclear power reactors serve the same role as other power sources, there are multiple reactor types, and more recent accidents could have been prevented.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Nuclear Reactor Power Systems

    Dwight L. Williams, Ph.D., P.E. Potomac Chapter Maryland Society of Professional Engineers 27 October 2005

    Overview
        

    Introductions Categories of Nuclear Reactors Nuclear Power Accidents Summary and Nuclear Power Systems Q/A General Q/A

    Dwight Williams at a Glance


    

    Education and Registration: Nuclear Engineering


      

    Ph.D. -- University of Maryland B.S., M.S. -- North Carolina State University Licensed Professional Engineer, Commonwealth of Virginia

     

    Professional Experience: Department of Defense Awards and Activities


      

    2005 - 2006 Young Engineer of the Year, NSPE 2004 - 2005 Young Engineer of the Year, DCCEAS 2003 - 2004 Young Engineer of the Year, MDSPE

    Power Systems

    Nuclear Primer
       

    Subatomic Particles Concept of Isotopes Concept of Half-Life HalfTypes of Radiation

    Subatomic Particles

    Concept of Isotopes

    Concept of Half-Life Half-

    Types of Radiation

    Categories of Nuclear Reactors


    

    Light Water Reactors


    Use H2O  Most Prevalent
    

    Heavy Water Reactors


    Use D2O  Prevalent in Canada and Russia
    

    Other Reactor Categories


    Liquid Metal Cooled  Gas Cooled
    

    Light Water Reactors


    

    Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs)


    Located throughout U.S., Europe, and Asia  Power: 570 -- 1300 MWe; Efficiency: ~30%  Tmax: 570oF; PRxr Coolant: 1000 psi
    

    Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)


    Manufactured by U.S., European, and Asian companies  Tmax: 590oF; PRxr Coolant: 2250 psi
    

    VVER Reactors (VVERs) -- Russian PWR

    BWR

    PWR

    VVER

    Heavy Water Reactors


    

    Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) Reactors DeuteriumUse natural (non-isotopically concentrated) uranium (non Tmax: 590oF; PRxr Coolant: 1500 psi  Can run 2 years without refueling/downtime
    

    RBMK Reactors
    ChernobylChernobyl-style reactor  Graphite and D2O in reactor core  Much improved designs today
    

    CANDU Reactor

    RBMK Reactor

    Other Reactor Categories


    

    Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs)


    Use liquid sodium as coolant  3-loop cycle  None operating commercially
    

    Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs) GasUse natural uranium  He or CO2 gas coolant at 1430oF and 600 psi  Primarily operated in United Kingdom
    

    LMFBR

    AGR

    Nuclear Power Gone Awry


    

    Three Mile Island (TMI, 1979) -- PWR


    Problems began at 4 a.m.  Reactor coolant flow became blocked  Primary emergency systems responded properly  Secondary emergency systems responded properly  HOWEVER, operator did not believe secondary systems were working properly so he shut them off  Result: Partial core meltdown, minute radiation release
    

    TMI Lesson: Minimize operators ability to impede automated emergency systems

    Nuclear Power Gone Awry (Cont.)


    

    Chernobyl (1986) -- RBMK (no containment vessel)


    Experiment to take place during scheduled shutdown  Primary and secondary emergency systems known to work effectively; even so, ternary emergency system sought and investigated  In order to isolate role/effect of ternary system, primary and secondary systems manually shut off  HOWEVER, ternary system did not work properly  Result: Core meltdown, explosion, major radiation release
    

    Chernobyl Lesson: Minimize operators ability to impede automated emergency systems

    Summary
    

     

    Nuclear Power Reactors Serve Same Role as Other Power Cycle Heat Sources Several Types of Nuclear Power Reactors Exist Most Recent Nuclear Accidents were Likely Preventable
    Operator errors crippled automated systems  Another TMI is nearly impossible  Another Chernobyl is unlikely
    

    For More Information


    

    Visit The Virtual Nuclear Tourist website at http://www.nucleartourist.com E-mail Dwight Williams at [email protected]

    Neutron Moderation (Backup)


    

    For most nuclear reactors, fission is initiated by slow neutrons (even though the fission neutrons generated are fast)
    Liquid Metal FAST Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) is one of few reactors that does not initiate fission with SLOW neutrons  Goal: Slow down neutrons to make them available for fission, but keep neutrons from being absorbed into a nucleus while slowing them down
    

    Best Substances: 1. D2O 2. Carbon

    3. H2O

    VVER (Older Designs)

    You might also like