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    The Production of Medicines

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    Angel
    The production of medicines is a long, complicated, and expensive process. There are two main types of medicines: biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals. [1] Biopharmaceuticals are derived from biological sources like humans, animals, or microorganisms through extraction or recombinant DNA technologies. They include proteins, peptides, cells, gene therapy products, and vaccines. [2] While biopharmaceuticals target specific molecules and are effective, they also face disadvantages like high costs, potential immune responses, and structural variations compared to reference products. Continuous development aims to improve biopharmaceuticals for disease treatment and prevention.

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    The Production of Medicines

    Uploaded by

    Angel
    73 views9 pages
    The production of medicines is a long, complicated, and expensive process. There are two main types of medicines: biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals. [1] Biopharmaceuticals are derived from biological sources like humans, animals, or microorganisms through extraction or recombinant DNA technologies. They include proteins, peptides, cells, gene therapy products, and vaccines. [2] While biopharmaceuticals target specific molecules and are effective, they also face disadvantages like high costs, potential immune responses, and structural variations compared to reference products. Continuous development aims to improve biopharmaceuticals for disease treatment and prevention.

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    The production of medicines is a long, complicated, and expensive process. There are two main types of medicines: biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals. [1] Biopharmaceuticals are derived from biological sources like humans, animals, or microorganisms through extraction or recombinant DNA technologies. They include proteins, peptides, cells, gene therapy products, and vaccines. [2] While biopharmaceuticals target specific molecules and are effective, they also face disadvantages like high costs, potential immune responses, and structural variations compared to reference products. Continuous development aims to improve biopharmaceuticals for disease treatment and prevention.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    73 views9 pages

    The Production of Medicines

    Uploaded by

    Angel
    The production of medicines is a long, complicated, and expensive process. There are two main types of medicines: biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals. [1] Biopharmaceuticals are derived from biological sources like humans, animals, or microorganisms through extraction or recombinant DNA technologies. They include proteins, peptides, cells, gene therapy products, and vaccines. [2] While biopharmaceuticals target specific molecules and are effective, they also face disadvantages like high costs, potential immune responses, and structural variations compared to reference products. Continuous development aims to improve biopharmaceuticals for disease treatment and prevention.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    THE PRODUCTION OF MEDICINES

    By Angel Mutesva
    MAKING MEDICINES

    • Making medicine is a long, complicated and expensive process

    • Examples of medicine types: biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical


    BIOPHARMACEUTICAL

    • A medicinal product manufactured in extracted or semi-synthesized biological


    sources like humans, animals or microorganisms.
    • It consists of sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, living cells or tissues.
    • The majority of biopharmaceutical are derived from biological processes
    including the extraction living systems or the production by recombinant DNA
    technologies.
    • Transgenic organisms, especially animals, plants or microorganisms that have
    been genetically modified, can be used to produce biopharmaceuticals.
    • Transgenic: relating to or denoting an organism that contains genetic material
    which DNA is from an unrelated organism that has been artificially introduced
    • Recombinant: relating to or containing genetically engineered DNA.
    EXAMPLES OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

    • Proteins: antibodies and biosimilars


    • Peptides
    • Cells: stem cells
    • Organs and tissues
    • Vaccines
    • Gene Therapy Medicinal Products: AAV based therapeutics
    • AAV stands for Adeno-associated virus
    RISKS

    • There are no risks only disadvantages


    • It is expensive
    • Can induce antidrug antibodies leading to decreased efficacy or deficiency
    • Efficacy: effectiveness
    BENEFITS

    • Target only specific molecules, which makes it rare for side effects to occur.
    • Their vaccines are considered the most effective strategies for disease control
    • The vaccines bring prevention in advance and long term immunity
    • They are able to cure or treat diseases safely and effectively
    • Cost can be reduced by using biosimilars
    • Biosimilar:
    COMPARISON BETWEEN A GENERIC
    DRUG AND BIOSIMILAR
    Drug property Generic drug Biosimilar

    Molecular size Small (~150 Da) Large (~150,000 Da)


    Structure Simple and well-defined Complex with probable structural variations
    Characterization Easy Difficult
    Stability More stable for storage and handling Less stable, very sensitive to its surroundings
    Production Predictable chemical processes are Specialized biological processes are used to
    used to manufacture an identical copy manufacture a similar copy
    Identical to reference products Yes No
    At least, active pharmaceutical Minor differences in clinically inactive components
    ingredients are identical are acceptable
    Adverse immune responses Lower potential Higher potential
    Frequency of quality tests in manufacturing ≤50 ≥250
    Clinical trials requirement for approval Small clinical trials in healthy Large clinical trials in patients
    volunteers
    Discovery cost Low or even no Relatively high
    DIAGRAMS
    CONCLUSION

    • Biopharmaceuticals are very promising for disease control and prevention


    • Their characteristics and multiple advantages make them better than traditional
    drugs
    • They are still being developed to this day.

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