LESSON 1: REPRESENTING

REAL LIFE SITUATION

USING FUNCTIONS
Functions
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
 After going through this Lesson, you are expected to:
 1. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
 2. define and explain functional relationship as a
mathematical model of situation; and
 3. represent real-life situations using functions, including
piece-wise function

WHAT I KNOW
WHAT’S IN

Relation and Function

 Relation: Set of ordered pairs

 Domain- the set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs.
 Range- the set of all second elements of the ordered
pairs
 Function: is a relation or rule of correspondence
between two element in domain corresponds to
exactly one element in range.
Ordered Pairs
 A={(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
 B= {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5)}
 C= {(1,0), (0,1), (-1,0), (0,-1)}
 D= {(a,b), (b,c), (c,d), (a,d)}
Domain Range

 A={1,2,3,4}  A={2,3,4,5}
 B={3,4,5}  B={3,4,5}
 C={-1,0,1}  C={-1,0,1}
 D={a,b,c}  D={b,c,d}
Table
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0

x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1

Domain Range

 A={1,2,3,4,5,6}  A={2,4,6,8,10,12}
 B={-3,1,2,4,5}  B={-5,-2}
 C={-1,0,2,4}  C={-1,0,1}
Mapping Diagram
Domain Range Domain Range

a x x a

b b
y y
c c

 Relation Domain
Range
 One-One Jana
Ken
 Many-One Ken
Mark
 One-Many
Maya
 Many-Many Rey
Graph
 WHAT’S NEW
 for a relation to become a function, the value of the domain must
correspond to a single value of the range
WHAT’S NEW
WHAT’S NEW

Scenario 3: As part of their requirements in Statistics class, Andrei made

a survey on the religion of his classmates and here’s what he found out.
Andrei: Good morning classmates, as our requirement in Statistics may I
know your religion. This data will be part of my input in the survey that I
am doing.
Ana 1: I am a Catholic.
Kevin: I am also a Catholic. Sam: I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo.
Joey: I am a Born Again Christian.
Lanie: My family is a Muslim.
Jen: We are sacred a Catholic Family.
Andrei: Thank you classmates for your responses.
WHAT IS IT
 Functions as representations of real-life situations
 The above scenarios are all examples of relations that show function. Monogamous marriage
(e.g. Christian countries) is an example of function when there is faith and loyalty. Let say,
June is the domain and Mae is the range, when there is faithfulness in their marriage, there will
be one-to-one relationship - one domain to one range.
 Nationality could also illustrate a function. We expect that at least a person has one nationality.
Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the range, therefore there is a one-to-one
relationship. Since Kim was born and live in the Philippines, she can never have multiple
nationalities except Filipino. (Remember: Under RA 9225 only those naturally-born Filipinos
who have become naturalized citizens of another country can have dual citizenship. This is not
applicable to Kim since she was born in the Philippines and never a citizen of other country.)
 Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two religions. Inside
the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This shows a many-to-one
relationship. Classmates being the domain and religion being the range indicate that different
values of domain can have one value of range. One-to-one relationship was also illustrated by
the classmates who said that they are Born Again, Muslim and Iglesia ni Cristo - one student to
one religion.
WHAT IS IT
 The Function Machine
 Function can be illustrated as a
machine where there is the
input(independent) and the
output(dependent). When you put
an object into a machine, you
expect a product as output after the
process being done by the
machine.
 For example, when you put an
orange fruit into a juicer, you
expect an orange juice as the
output and not a grape juice. Or
you will never expect to have two
kinds of juices - orange and grapes.
Let’s try the following real-life situation.

 If height (H) is a Solution:

function of age (a), Since every year the
 Give a function H that height is added by 2
can represent the inches, then the height
height of a person in a function is
age, if every year the
height is added by 2 𝑯(𝒂) = 𝟐 + a
inches.
Let’s try the following real-life situation.

 If distance (D) is a Solution:

function of time (t), Since every hour, the car
 Give a function D that travels 60 kilometers,
can represent the therefore the distance
distance a car travels function is given by
in t time, if every hour
the car travels 60 𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎t
kilometers.
Let’s try the following real-life situation.

 Give a function B that Solution:

can represent the Since every hour
amount of battery
losses 12% of the
charge of a cellular
phone in h hour, if battery, then the
12% of battery was amount of battery
loss every hour. function is
𝑩(𝒉) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐t
Let’s try the following real-life situation.

 If distance (D) is a Solution:

function of time (t), Since every hour, the car
 Give a function D that travels 60 kilometers,
can represent the therefore the distance
distance a car travels function is given by
in t time, if every hour
the car travels 60 𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎t
kilometers.
WHAT IS IT
 Piecewise Functions
 There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to
obtain the given output. There are instances when we need to describe
situations in which a rule or relationship changes as the input value
crosses certain boundaries. In this case, we need to apply the piecewise
function.
 A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is
used to define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the
domain of the function is the union of all these smaller domains. We
notate this idea like this:
Piecewise Functions
 A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular
mobile plan, which includes 200 free text messages.
Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using
the function t(m), where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.
Piecewise Functions
 A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece.
However, if you buy more than 5 pieces they will mark
down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise
function to represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.
Piecewise Functions
 The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a
party is ₱250.00 per head for 50 persons or less,
₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00
per head for more than 100. Represent the total cost as
a piecewise function of the number of attendees to the
party.
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 1
 A person is earning  Xandria rides through a
₱750.00 per day to do a jeepney which charges ₱ 8.00
for the first 4 kilometers and
certain job. Express the
additional ₱0.50 for each
total salary S as a function additional kilometer. Express
of the number n of days the jeepney fare (F) as function
that the person works. of the number of kilometers (d)
that Xandria pays for the ride.
Answer:
Answer:
S(n) = _________
F(d) = __________
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Assessment 1
 A computer shop  Squares of side a are cut
charges ₱15.00 in every from each corner of a 8 in
hour of computer rental. x 6 in rectangle, so that its
Represent your computer sides can be folded to
rental fee (R) using the make a box with no top.
function R(t) where t is Represent a function in
the number of hours you terms of a that can define
spent on the computer the volume of the box.
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 2
 A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for  A parking fee at SM Lucena costs
the first 2 kilometers, and each ₱25.00 for the first two hours and
additional kilometer adds ₱8.00 an extra ₱5.00 for each hour of
to the fare. Use a piecewise extension. If you park for more
function to represent the tricycle than twelve hours, you instead pay
a flat rate of ₱100.00. Represent
fare in terms of the distance d in
your parking fee using the function
kilometers.
p(t) where t is the number of hours
you parked in the mall.
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Assessment 2
 A van rental charges  An internet company charges
₱5,500.00 flat rate for a whole- ₱500.00 for the first 30 GB
day tour in CALABARZON of used in a month. Every
5 passengers and each exceeding GB will then cost
additional passenger added ₱30.00 But if the costumer
₱500.00 to the tour fare. reach a total of 50 GB and
Express a piecewise function above, a flat rate of ₱1,000.00
to show to represent the van will be charged instead. Write
rental in terms number of a piecewise function C(g) that
passenger n. represents the charge
according to GB used?
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
 A. Read and analyze the following statements. If you think the
statement suggests an incorrect idea, rewrite it otherwise leave it
blank.
 1. A relation is a set of ordered pairs where the first element is called
the range while the second element is the domain.
 2. A function can be classified as one-to-one correspondence, one-to-
many correspondence and many-to-one correspondence.
 3. In a function machine, the input represents the independent
variable while the output is the dependent variable.
 B. In three to five sentences, write the significance of function in
showing real-life situations.
 C. In your own words, discuss when a piecewise function is
being used.
WHAT I CAN DO
 At home or in your community, look for the at least
three (3) situations that could represent functions.
From the identified situations, write a sample
problem and its corresponding function equation.

ASSESSMENT !
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
 Read and analyze each situation carefully and apply your learnings
on representing real-life situations involving functions including
piecewise.
 1. Contaminated water is subjected to a cleaning process. The
concentration of the pollutants is initially 5 mg per liter of water. If the
cleaning process can reduce the pollutant by 10% each hour, define a
function that can represent the concentration of pollutants in the water in
terms of the number of hours that the cleaning process has taken place.
 2. During typhoon Ambo, PAGASA tracks the amount of accumulating
rainfall. For the first three hours of typhoon, the rain fell at a constant rate
of 25mm per hour. The typhoon slows down for an hour and started again
at a constant rate of 20 mm per hour for the next two hours. Write a
piecewise function that models the amount of rainfall as function of time.
LESSON 1: REPRESENTING
REAL LIFE SITUATION
USING FUNCTIONS
Evaluating Functions
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
 After going through this Lesson, you are expected
to:
 1. recall the process of substitution;
 2. identify the various types of functions; and
 3. evaluate functions.

WHAT I KNOW
WHAT’S IN
WHAT’S IN
WHAT’S IN
WHAT’S NEW

Types of Functions
 Constant Function  Exponential function
 Identity Function  Logarithmic
 Polynomial Function Function
 Power Function  Absolute Value
 Rational Function Function
 Greatest Integer
Function
Types of Functions
 Constant Function
 A constant function is a function that has the same output
value no matter what your input value is. Because of this, a
constant function has the form f (x) = b, where b is a constant
(a single value that does not change).
 Example y = 7
 Identity Function
 The identity function is a function which returns the same
value, which was used as its argument. In other words, the
identity function is the function f (x) = x , for all values of x.
 Example f (2) = 2
Types of Functions
 Polynomial Function A polynomial function is defined by…. ,
where n is a non-negative integer and,…, n ∈ R
 Linear Function-The polynomial function with degree one. It is in
the form

 Quadratic Function If the degree of the polynomial function is

two, then it is a quadratic function. It is expressed as , where a ≠ 0
and a, b, c are constant and x is a variable.

 Cubic Function is a polynomial of degree three and can be

denoted by , where a ≠ 0 and a, b, c, and d are constant & x is a
variable.
Types of Functions
 Power Function
 A power function is a function in the form where b is
any real constant number. Many of our parent
functions such as linear functions and quadratic
functions are in fact power functions. Example:
 Rational Function
 A rational function is any function which can be
represented by a rational fraction say, in which
numerator, p(x) and denominator, q(x) are polynomial
functions of x, where q(x) ≠ 0.
Types of Functions
 Exponential function
 These are functions of the form: , where x is in an exponent and a and
b are constants. (Note that only b is raised to the power x; not a.) If
the base b is greater than 1 then the result is exponential growth.
 Example:
 Logarithmic Function
 Logarithmic functions are the inverses of exponential functions, and
any exponential function can be expressed in logarithmic form.
Logarithms are very useful in permitting us to work with very large
numbers while manipulating numbers of a much more manageable
size. It is written in the form , where x > 0, where b > 0 and b ≠1.
 Example:
Types of Functions
 Absolute Value Function
 The absolute value of any number, c is represented in the form of |
c|. If any function f: R→ R is defined by , it is known as absolute
value function. For each non-negative value of x, and for each
negative value of x, f(x) = -x, i.e., f(x) = {x, if x ≥ 0; – x, if x < 0
 Example :
 Greatest Integer Function I
 f a function f: R→ R is defined by x ∈ X. It round-off to the real
number to the integer less than the number. Suppose, the given
interval is in the form of (k, k+1), the value of greatest integer
function is k which is an integer.
 Example: where is the greatest integer function
WHAT IS IT

Evaluating function
 is the process of determining the value of the
function at the number assigned to a given
variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic
expressions, to evaluate function you just need to
 a.) replace each letter in the expression with the
assigned value and b.) perform the operations in the
expression using the correct order of operations.
Evaluating function
Example 1:
Given , find the value of the function if x = 3.
Evaluating function
Example 2:
Given+7, find g(-3).
Evaluating function
Example 3:
Given , find p(0) and p(-1) .
Evaluating function
Example 4:
Given , find
Evaluating function
Example 5:
Given , find g(9).
Evaluating function
Example 6:
Given find the value of function if
x= - 5
Evaluating function
Example 7: Evaluate if
Evaluating function
Example 8:
Evaluate the function where is the greatest integer
function given x = 2.4 .
Evaluating function
Example 9:
Evaluate the function where means the absolute
value of x - 8 if x = 3.
Evaluating function
Example 10:
Evaluate the function at .
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 1: Fill Me

WHAT’S MORE

Independent Assessment 1: Evaluate!

Evaluate the following functions. Write your answer and
complete solution on separate paper.
1. Given ,
find the value of the function if w = 1.
2. Given , find f (9.3).
3. Evaluate the function if x = -1.
4. Evaluate: , find
5. Given , find
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 2: TRUE or SOLVE!

Analyze the following functions by evaluating its
value. Write TRUE of the indicated answer and
solution is correct, if not, rewrite the solution to
arrive with the correct answer
WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 2: TRUE or SOLVE!

WHAT’S MORE

Independent Practice 2: TRUE or SOLVE!

WHAT’S MORE

Independent Assessment 2: Find my Value!

Evaluate the following functions. Write your solution
on a separate paper
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
A. Complete the following statements to show how you understood the different types of
functions. Answer using your own words
1. A polynomial function is _____________________________________

2. An exponential function _____________________________________

3. A rational function _________________________________________

4. An absolute value function ___________________________________

5. A greatest integer function ___________________________________

B. Fill in the blanks to show how we evaluate functions.

Evaluating function is the process of ___________________________ of the function at

the _________________ assigned to a given variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic
expressions, to evaluate function you just need to ________________________________
in the expression with the assigned value, then _________________________________ in
the expression using the correct order of operations. Don’t forget to
_______________________ your answer.
WHAT I CAN DO
1. Mark charges ₱100.00 for an encoding work. In addition,
he charges ₱5.00 per page of printed output.
a. Find a function f(x) where x represents the number
page of printed out.
b. How much will Mark charge for 55-page encoding
and printing work?
2. Under certain circumstances, a virus spreads according to
the function:
Where where P(t) is the proportion of the population
that has the virus (t) days after the acquisition of virus
started. Find p(4) and p(10), and interpret the results.
ASSESSMENT

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Difference Quotient
this quantity is called difference quotient.
Specifically, the difference quotient is used in the
discussion of the rate of change, a fundamental
concept in calculus.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Difference Quotient
Example: Find the difference quotient for each of the following function.
A. B.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Difference Quotient
Example: Find the difference quotient for each of the following function.
A. B.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Difference Quotient
Find the difference quotient for each of the following function.
A. B.