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Modul 4 - Dinamika Bumi

The document discusses several key topics related to Earth science: 1. It describes the anatomy of Earth, including its orbital changes, axial tilt changes, and the distribution of day/night and climate throughout the year. 2. It discusses Earth's energy budget and heat flow, noting the hottest and coldest places on Earth. 3. It examines atmospheric circulation patterns like winds, cyclones and anticyclones, isobars, and how these atmospheric features are formed. 4. Additional topics covered include ocean currents, the differences between weather and climate, the world's climate zones, and various landforms and surface processes shaped by forces like glaciers and streams.

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albert pontus
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35 views26 pages

Modul 4 - Dinamika Bumi

The document discusses several key topics related to Earth science: 1. It describes the anatomy of Earth, including its orbital changes, axial tilt changes, and the distribution of day/night and climate throughout the year. 2. It discusses Earth's energy budget and heat flow, noting the hottest and coldest places on Earth. 3. It examines atmospheric circulation patterns like winds, cyclones and anticyclones, isobars, and how these atmospheric features are formed. 4. Additional topics covered include ocean currents, the differences between weather and climate, the world's climate zones, and various landforms and surface processes shaped by forces like glaciers and streams.

Uploaded by

albert pontus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUMI DALAM TATASURYA

• Matahari dan planet-planetnya


• Anatomi bumi
• Dinamika bumi
Orbital change

Axial tilt change Wobble


Distributian of day and night; and climate along year
Energy budget
Heat Flow

0 40 60 85 120 180 240 350


mW m-2
The hottest and
the coldest places
Winds circulation
Winds circulation
Siklon dan antisiklon
rendahan dan tinggian

TINGGIAN

RENDAHAN (dekat permukaan)


Isobar dan arah angin
Pembentukan siklon dan
antisiklon
Spiral awan
How does water move among
reservoirs?
Ocean Currents
• Redistribute heat across planet
Sirkulasi air di samudera
Weather and Climate

What is weather?
What is climate?
How do they differ?

• Weather is the short-term state of the atmosphere


at a particular place at any given time
• Climate is a long-term composite of weather
conditions at a particular place
• Short term versus long term---that is how they
differ
Iklim dunia
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987
• Glaciers
• Mass Wasting
• Streams

• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwater
http://www.berann.com
What drives plate motions
• Forces that drive plate
motion
– Slab-pull
• Cold, dense slabs of
subducted oceanic
lithosphere pull the plate
towards the subduction zone
– Ridge-push
• The higher elevation of
spreading centers result in
oceanic lithosphere wanting
to move “downhill”, away
from the ridge
• Far less important than
slab-pull
– Mantle drag and plate
resistance
• Can act to increase or
decrease plate motion
Mantle convection provides
the primary drive for
plate tectonics
What drives plate motions
• Models of plate-mantle
convection
• Any model must be consistent
with observed physical and
chemical properties of the
mantle
• Horizontal movement of plates
causes mantle upwelling
• Models
– Layering at 660 km
– Explains why basalts
erupted at mid-ocean
ridges are different (more
evolved, relatively shallow
source) compared to those
erupted at hot-spots (more
primitive, deeper source).
– We know that subducting
slabs descend beneath 660
km
What drives plate motions
• Whole-mantle convection
– Would mix the entire
mantle in the space of a
few hundred million
years, removing
heterogeneities
What drives plate motions
• Deep-layer model
– “Lava lamp model”
– Two layers swell and
shrink in a complex
fashion in response to
heat from the Earth’s
interior
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