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    Direct and Indirect Speech

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    merlyn m romerov
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech conveys the speaker's exact words within quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the speaker's message using our own words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place may need to be changed depending on the tense of the reporting verb. The document provides examples and conversion rules for changing different tenses like present, past and future from direct to indirect speech.

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    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    merlyn m romerov
    241 views16 pages
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech conveys the speaker's exact words within quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the speaker's message using our own words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place may need to be changed depending on the tense of the reporting verb. The document provides examples and conversion rules for changing different tenses like present, past and future from direct to indirect speech.

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    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech conveys the speaker's exact words within quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the speaker's message using our own words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place may need to be changed depending on the tense of the reporting verb. The document provides examples and conversion rules for changing different tenses like present, past and future from direct to indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    241 views16 pages

    Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    merlyn m romerov
    This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech conveys the speaker's exact words within quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the speaker's message using our own words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place may need to be changed depending on the tense of the reporting verb. The document provides examples and conversion rules for changing different tenses like present, past and future from direct to indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Direct and Indirect

    Speech
    Direct Speech

     the message of the speaker is conveyed or


    reported in his own actual words without any
    change
     Example:

    Radha said, “I am very busy now.”


    Indirect Speech

     the message of the speaker is conveyed or


    reported in our own words
     Example:

    Radha said that she was very busy then


    Indirect Speech
     Note:

    1.    All inverted commas or quotation marks are omitted and


    the sentence ends with a full stop.
    2.    Conjunction ‘that’ is added before the indirect
    statement.
    3.    The pronoun ‘I’ is changed to ‘she’. (The Pronoun is
    changed in Person)
    4.    The verb ‘am’ is changed to ‘was’. (Present Tense is
    changed to Past)
    5.    The adverb ‘now’ is changed to ‘then’.
    Tip 1: Conversion Rules as per the
    Reporting Verb
    When the reporting or principal verb is
    in the Past Tense, all Present tenses of
    the direct are changed into the
    corresponding Past Tenses.
    a) Direct: He said, “I am unwell.”
    b) Indirect: He said (that) he was unwell.
    Tip 1: Conversion Rules as per the
    Reporting Verb
     Ifthe reporting verb is in the Present or
    Future Tense, the tenses of the Direct
    Speech do not change.
    a)    Direct: He says/will say, “I am unwell.”
    b)    Indirect: He says/will say he is unwell.
    Tip 1: Conversion Rules as per the
    Reporting Verb
    The Tense in Indirect Speech is NOT CHANGED if
    the words within the quotation marks talk of a
    universal truth or habitual action.
    a)    Direct: They said, “We cannot live without
    water.”
    b) Indirect: They said that we cannot live without
    water.
    Tip 2: Conversion Rules of Present Tense
    in Direct Speech
    Simple Present Changes to Simple Past
    a)    Direct: "I am happy", she said.
    b)    Indirect: She said that
    she was happy.
    Tip 2: Conversion Rules of Present Tense
    in Direct Speech
    Present Continuous Changes to Past
    Continuous
    a)    Direct: "I am reading a book", he
    explained.
    b)    Indirect: He explained that he was
    reading a book.
    Tip 2: Conversion Rules of Present Tense
    in Direct Speech
    Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect
    a)    Direct: She said, "He has
    finished his food“.
    b)    Indirect: She said that he had
    finished his food.
    Tip 2: Conversion Rules of Present Tense
    in Direct Speech
    Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect
    a)    Direct: "I have been to Gujarat", he
    told me.
    b)    Indirect: He told me that he had
    been to Gujarat.
    Tip 3: Conversion Rules of Past & Future
    Tense
    Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect
    a)    Direct: He said, “Ira arrived on
    Monday."
    b)    Indirect: He said that Ira had
    arrived on Monday.
    Tip 3: Conversion Rules of Past & Future
    Tense
    Past Continuous Changes to Past Perfect
    Continuous
    a)    Direct: "We were living in Goa", they told
    me.
    b)    Indirect: They told me that they had
    been living in Goa.
    Tip 3: Conversion Rules of Past & Future
    Tense
    Future Changes to Present Conditional
    a)    Direct: He said, "I will be in
    Kolkata tomorrow."
    b)    Indirect: He said that he would
    be in Kolkata the next day.
    Tip 3: Conversion Rules of Past & Future
    Tense
    Future Continuous Changes to Conditional
    Continuous
    a)    Direct: She said, "I'll be using the car next
    Friday.”
    b)    Indirect: She said that she would be
    using the car next Friday.
    Tip 4: Changes in Modals

    CAN changes into COULD


    a)    Direct: He said, "I can swim."
    b)    Indirect: He said that he could swim.

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