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Clauses: Lecture: Nguyen Le Bao Ngoc

The document discusses different types of clauses, including finite vs non-finite clauses. Finite clauses include complementiser clauses, adverbial clauses, subordinate wh-clauses, and relative clauses. Non-finite clauses include complementiser and non-finite clauses that can function as subjects, complements, modifiers, and adverbials. The document also discusses abbreviated clausal analysis and provides examples of analyzing clauses.

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Daisy Canh
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87 views39 pages

Clauses: Lecture: Nguyen Le Bao Ngoc

The document discusses different types of clauses, including finite vs non-finite clauses. Finite clauses include complementiser clauses, adverbial clauses, subordinate wh-clauses, and relative clauses. Non-finite clauses include complementiser and non-finite clauses that can function as subjects, complements, modifiers, and adverbials. The document also discusses abbreviated clausal analysis and provides examples of analyzing clauses.

Uploaded by

Daisy Canh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clauses

Lecture: Nguyen Le Bao Ngoc


Types of clauses

Finite clauses vs. non-finite clauses


Finite clauses:
• Complementisers clauses (That- clauses and whether- clauses)
• Adverbial clauses
• Subordinate wh-clauses
• Subordinate wh-interrogative clauses
• Relative clauses
Types of clauses
Finite clauses vs. non-finite clauses
Non-finite clauses:
• Complementisers and non-finite clauses
• Functions of non-finite clauses
– Subject and extraposed subject
– Complement of A in AP
– Complement of P in PP
– Complement of N in NP
– Modifier in NP
– Complement of V
– Adverbial
Finite versus non-finite clauses
• A non-finite clause is a clause in which there is no
tensed verb
• Main clauses are always finite => non-finite clauses
can only be subordinate
• Main clause is not subordinate to any other clause.
The verb of the main clause is the main verb
• ACA = Abbreviated Clausal Analysis
Abbreviated Clausal Analysis
I thought Georgette said she burned the fritters
Abbreviated Clausal Analysis
He reminded the men that he was in command at every
opportunity
Abbreviated Clausal Analysis
The fact that you received no greeting from Mars
doesn’t mean that it is uninhabited.
Exercises
• Give ACAs of the following sentences
Key
Key
Complementisers: that and whether
• That is a marker of clausal subordination. It serves to
introduce subordinate clauses. That is a
complementiser. (C)
• (C): the complementiser position is defined as
daughter of S-bar (S’) and sister of a following S
1. Complementisers: that and whether
• Whether indicates that the subordinate clause is an
Interrogative clause
• Subordinate clauses can be introduced by
subordinate conjunctions
Functions of that-clause and whether -clause
1. Subject and extraposed subject
1. Subject and extraposed subject
• A characteristic of clausal subjects is that they can be
extraposed from under the subject NP to the end of
the sentence, leaving behind the empty pronoun it.
• It disconcerted her that the king was in his counting
house
Extraposed version
Practice
Draw the phrase markers for the following sentences
1. That the squid sauce was a mistake soon became
clear.
2. It isn’t my fault Max crushed your monocle.
Key
Key
2. Complement of Verb within VP
Example:
1. The critics noticed that the book had a missing chapter.
2. Anna told him his shirt was hanging out.
3. The consensus is that you should taste the stew first.
Phrase markers
Phrase markers
3. Complements of A with in AP
• An AP can consist of the head A plus a clausal (S’)
complement.
3. Complements of A with in AP
3. Complements of A with in AP
Draw the phrase markers for the following sentence:
“She made him aware that he had overstepped the
mask.”
3. Complements of N with in NP
• Example:
The fact that you received no greetings from Mars.
• Noun complement clauses can only complement
abstract Nouns like fact, rumour, idea, news, claims,
suggestion, rule, etc.
3. Complements of N with in NP
3. Complements of N with in NP
Noun complement clauses or extraposed subject
clauses?
4. Complements of P with in PP
• That-clause cannot function as complement with in
PP, only whether-clause
• Example:
4. Complements of P with in PP
After, before, until, and since
• Are complementisers if followed by a clause
• Are prepositions if followed by a NP
2. Adverbial Clauses
2. Adverbial Clauses
Draw the phrase marker for the following sentence:
Things will be rather dull if Hieronimo leaves.
2. Adverbial Clauses
• Adverbials cannot modify N or NOM
• Draw the phrase marker for:
Unless I’m gravely mistaken, you are King Kong.
Practice
Give ACAs of the following sentences and give the function of all subordinate clauses
Key

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