Introduction To Psychiatry

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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRY

Dr Mukti Acharya
MBBS (Bangladesh)
MD ( TU)
Asst professor
Deputy Hospital Director
Academic clinical coordinator
Incharge Dept of NeuroPsychiatry
WHAT IS HEALTH?
• World Health Organization's Definition “ A state of
complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well
being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity”
• WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?
The most acceptable concept now –a – days A person
who is
• Able to cope/function normally
• Meets the responsibilities
• Expresses balanced attitude towards day to day
challenges/ problems
NORMAL MENTAL HEALTH
• Normal mental health, much like normal health, is a rather
difficult concept to define. Normality is not an easy
concept to define, some of the following traits are more
commonly found in ‘normal’ individuals.
• 1. Reality orientation.
• 2. Self-awareness and self-knowledge.
• 3. Self-esteem and self-acceptance.
• 4. Ability to exercise voluntary control over their behaviour.
• 5. Ability to form affectionate relationships.
• 6. Pursuance of productive and goal-directive activities.
Mental Disorders
• Mental Disorder
• An illness of the mind that can affect the
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person,
preventing him or her from leading a happy,
healthful, and productive life.
• A psychiatric disorder is a disturbance of
Cognition (i.e. Thought), Conation (i.e. Action),
or Affect (i.e. Feeling), or any disequilibrium
between the three domains
CLASSIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

• Neurotic Disorder
= Usually distressing but that allows one to
think rationally and function socially
• Psychotic Disorder
= Person loses contact with reality experiences
irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
Types of Mental Disorders
• Organic (Including Symptomatic) Mental Disorders- a.Delirium,
b. Dementia,
c. Organic amnestic syndrome, etc
• 2. Schizophrenia
• 3. Mood Disorders
• 4. Neurotic, Stress-related and Somatoform Disorders
• 5. Disorders of Adult Personality and Behaviour
• 6. Sexual Disorders
• 7. Sleep Disorders
• 8. Psychosomatic Disorders
• 9. Child Psychiatry
Psychiatry
• It is a branch of medicine dealing with mental
disorder and its treatment .

• ‘Psych’- soul or mind


• ‘Iatros’- healer
•  Psychology- It is a science that investigates
behaviour, experience, and normal functioning
of the mind.
CLASSIFICATIONS
• International Classification of Diseases (ICD-
10)
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-
IV)
GENERAL TERMS
• Affect- External Experience of Emotions.
•  Anxiety- State of uneasiness and apprehension, as about future uncertainties.
•  Cognition- mental action or process of acquiring knowledge through thought,
• experience and the senses.
•  Delusion- False unshakable belief. Which not out of keeping with the sociocultural,
• economical and educational background.
•  Feelings- An emotional state or reaction.
•  Hallucination- False belief without stimulus.
•  Insight- Ability to understand one’s own behavior and emotions.
•  Illusion- False beliefs with stimulus.
•  Mood-Sustained state of feeling.
•  Orientation- Familiarization with something.
•  Perception- Ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the
• senses.
•  Thought- An idea or opinion produced by thinking, or occurring suddenly in
• mind.
•  Thinking- Process of considering or reasoning about something.
Phenomenology
• Thought Insertion/ Withdrawal/ Broadcasting-
Abnormalities of thought, where person feels thoughts
being inserted into mind/ removed/ everyone is thinking
along with him.
• Made Feeling/ Impulses/ Acts- Person experience that
feelings/ impulses/ actions are not his own, they have
been imposed upon.
• Obsession- Involuntary, ego-dystonic, recurrent, irrational,
thoughts that cannot be eliminated from consciousness.
• Compulsion- obsessional motor acts.
•  Fear- unpleasant affective state in response to a
realistic threat.
• Anxiety- unpleasant affective state with the
expectation but not the certainty of something
untoward happening.
• Panic- acute, intense, overwhelming attack of anxiety
accompanied by feelings of impending doom &
autonomic arousal symptoms.
• Phobia- persistent, pathological, unrealistic, intense
fear of an object/ situation.
•  Deja vu- over familiarity of places or events.
• Jamais vu- less familiarity with places or
events already known or occurred.
• Confabulation- falsification of memory
occurring in clear consciousness.
• Insight- one’s ability to understand oneself or
external situation.
Sub-Specialties
• Addiction psychiatry- Evaluation and treatment of
individuals with alcohol, drug, or other substance- related
disorders.
• Biological psychiatry- Approach to psychiatry that aims to
understand mental disorders in terms of the biological
function of the nervous system.
• Child and adolescent psychiatry- Branch of psychiatry that
specializes in work with children, teenagers, and their
families.
• Community psychiatry- An approach that reflects an
inclusive public health perspective.
Cont…..
• Forensic psychiatry- Interface between law and
psychiatry.
• Geriatric psychiatry- Branch of psychiatry dealing with
the study, prevention, and treatment of mental
disorders in old age.
• Liaison psychiatry- Branch of psychiatry that specializes
in the interface between other medical specialties and
psychiatry.
• Military psychiatry- Covers special aspects of psychiatry
and mental disorders within the military context.
Welcome

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