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    SQL01 - Introduction

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    Dan Perez
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and relational databases. It describes key SQL concepts like SELECT statements, data manipulation, data definition, and transaction control. It also outlines the typical components of a relational database like tables, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. Examples are provided of basic SQL statements for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.

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    SQL01 - Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Dan Perez
    33 views16 pages
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and relational databases. It describes key SQL concepts like SELECT statements, data manipulation, data definition, and transaction control. It also outlines the typical components of a relational database like tables, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. Examples are provided of basic SQL statements for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.

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    This document provides an introduction to SQL and relational databases. It describes key SQL concepts like SELECT statements, data manipulation, data definition, and transaction control. It also outlines the typical components of a relational database like tables, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. Examples are provided of basic SQL statements for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views16 pages

    SQL01 - Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Dan Perez
    This document provides an introduction to SQL and relational databases. It describes key SQL concepts like SELECT statements, data manipulation, data definition, and transaction control. It also outlines the typical components of a relational database like tables, rows, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys. Examples are provided of basic SQL statements for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 16

    SQL01

    Introduction
    Structured Query Language
    Sw. Requirements

    • Oracle SQLDeveloper

    • Connection Data:
    • Host: 192.168.1.199
    • Port: 1521
    • SID: VIS
    • User: apps
    • Pass: apps
    Key Terms
    • Data
    • Any important information like an employee’s salary.
    • Database
    • An organized collection of data or information.
    • DBMS
    • Database Management System
    • A Program that stores, retrieves, modifies data in database.
    • Relational database
    • Collection of two-dimensional tables.
    Relational Database Components
    How a database is created

    Model of
    Entity model of
    system
    client’s model
    in client’s
    mind
    Table model
    of entity model Oracle
    server
    Entity becomes a table
    Attribute becomes columns of a table
    Tables on disk
    ER Diagram
    • ER model consists of the various entities in a business and the
    relationships among them.
    EMPLOYEE assigned to DEPARTMENT
    #* number #* number
    * name * name
    composed of
    o job title o location

    • Scenario:
    • “. . . Assign one or more employees to a
    department . . .”
    • “. . . Some departments do not yet have assigned employees….”
    Relating Multiple Tables
    • Each row of data in a table is uniquely identified by a primary key.
    • You can logically relate data from multiple tables using foreign keys.
    Table name: DEPARTMENTS

    Table name: EMPLOYEES

    …
    Primary key Foreign key Primary key
    Relational Database Terminology
    3
    2 4

    1
    Using SQL to Query Your Database
    • Structured query language (SQL) is:
    • The ANSI standard language for operating relational databases
    • Efficient, easy to learn, and use
    • Functionally complete (With SQL, you can define, retrieve, and manipulate
    data in the tables.)

    SELECT department_name
    FROM departments;
    Oracle
    server
    Create Read Update Delete
    Create: Update:
    insert into xxx_temp update xxx_temp
    values (2, 'Test 2'); set id = 4
    where id < 10
    Read:
    select id, text Delete:
    from xxx_temp delete from xxx_temp
    where id < 10 where id < 10
    SQL Statements
    SELECT Data manipulation language
    (DML)
    INSERT
    UPDATE
    DELETE

    CREATE Data definition language (DDL)


    ALTER
    DROP
    RENAME
    TRUNCATE
    COMMENT
    GRANT Data definition language (DDL)
    REVOKE
    COMMIT Transaction control
    ROLLBACK
    SAVEPOINT
    Oracle 9i Components
    (HR) Schema generally used for training
    LOCATIONS
    DEPARTMENTS location_id
    department_id street_address
    department_name postal_code
    manager_id city
    location_id state_province
    country_id

    JOB_HISTORY
    employee_id
    start_date EMPLOYEES
    end_date employee_id COUNTRIES
    job_id first_name country_id
    department_id last_name country_name
    email region_id
    phone_number
    hire_date
    job_id
    salary
    JOBS commission_pct
    job_id manager_id
    job_title department_id REGIONS
    min_salary region_id
    max_salary region_name
    Key Points For SQL Statements
    • SQL statements are not case-sensitive. The data entered is case
    sensitive.
    • SQL statements can be entered on one or many lines.
    • Keywords cannot be split across lines or abbreviated.
    • Clauses are usually placed on separate lines for readability and ease
    of editing.
    • Indents should be used to make code more readable.
    • Keywords typically are entered in uppercase; all other words, such as
    table names and columns names are entered in lowercase.
    Key Points For SQL Statements
    • Null is a value that is unavailable, unassigned, unknown, or
    inapplicable. Null is not the same as zero or a blank space. Zero is a
    number and blank space is a character.
    • A literal is a character, a number, or a date that is included in the
    SELECT statement.
    • Date and character literal values must be enclosed within single
    quotation marks.

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