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    Osi Model

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    Veeranan Senniah
    The 7-layer OSI reference model is an internationally standardized architecture for how applications can communicate over a network via 7 layers of abstraction. The lower 4 layers relate to communications technology, dealing with electrical signals and packet transmission. The upper 3 layers relate to user applications and services, handling things like file transfers and sessions between applications.

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    Osi Model

    Uploaded by

    Veeranan Senniah
    16 views9 pages
    The 7-layer OSI reference model is an internationally standardized architecture for how applications can communicate over a network via 7 layers of abstraction. The lower 4 layers relate to communications technology, dealing with electrical signals and packet transmission. The upper 3 layers relate to user applications and services, handling things like file transfers and sessions between applications.

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    The 7-layer OSI reference model is an internationally standardized architecture for how applications can communicate over a network via 7 layers of abstraction. The lower 4 layers relate to communications technology, dealing with electrical signals and packet transmission. The upper 3 layers relate to user applications and services, handling things like file transfers and sessions between applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views9 pages

    Osi Model

    Uploaded by

    Veeranan Senniah
    The 7-layer OSI reference model is an internationally standardized architecture for how applications can communicate over a network via 7 layers of abstraction. The lower 4 layers relate to communications technology, dealing with electrical signals and packet transmission. The upper 3 layers relate to user applications and services, handling things like file transfers and sessions between applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    OSI Reference Model

    • OSI Reference Model - Internationally


    standardised network architecture.
    • OSI = Open Systems Interconnection: deals
    with open systems, i.e. systems open for
    communications with other systems.
    • Specified in ISO 7498.
    • Model has 7 layers.
    7-Layer OSI Model
    Layer 7 Application Layer • Layers 1-4 relate to
    Layer 6 Presentation Layer communications technology.
    • Layers 5-7 relate to user
    Layer 5 Session Layer
    applications.
    Layer 4 Transport Layer

    Layer 3 Network Layer

    Layer 2 Data Link Layer

    Layer 1 Physical Layer

    Communications subnet boundary


    Layer 1: Physical Layer
    • Transmits bits from one computer to another
    • Regulates the transmission of a stream of bits over a
    physical medium.
    • Defines how the cable is attached to the network
    adapter and what transmission technique is used to
    send data over the cable. Deals with issues like
    – The definition of 0 and 1, e.g. how many volts represents a
    1, and how long a bit lasts?
    – Whether the channel is simplex or duplex?
    – How many pins a connector has, and what the function of
    each pin is?
    Layer 2: Data Link Layer
     Packages raw bits from the Physical layer into
    frames (logical, structured packets for data).
     Provides reliable transmission of frames
     It waits for an acknowledgment from the receiving
    computer.
     Retransmits frames for which acknowledgement
    not received
    Layer 3: Network Layer
    • Manages addressing/routing of data within the subnet
    – Addresses messages and translates logical addresses and
    names into physical addresses.
    – Determines the route from the source to the destination
    computer
    – Manages traffic problems, such as switching, routing, and
    controlling the congestion of data packets.
    • Routing can be:
    – Based on static tables
    – determined at start of each session
    – Individually determined for each packet, reflecting the
    current network load.
    Layer 4: Transport Layer
    • Manages transmission packets
    – Repackages long messages when necessary into
    small packets for transmission
    – Reassembles packets in correct order to get the
    original message.
    • Handles error recognition and recovery.
    – Transport layer at receiving acknowledges packet
    delivery.
    – Resends missing packets
    Layer 5: Session Layer
    • Allows two applications on different computers to
    establish, use, and end a session.
    – e.g. file transfer, remote login
    • Establishes dialog control
    – Regulates which side transmits, plus when and how long it
    transmits.
    • Performs token management and synchronization.
    Layer 6: Presentation Layer
    • Related to representation of transmitted data
    – Translates different data representations from the
    Application layer into uniform standard format
    • Providing services for secure efficient data
    transmission
    – e.g. data encryption, and data compression.
    Layer 7: Application Layer
    • Level at which applications access network
    services.
    – Represents services that directly support software
    applications for file transfers, database access, and
    electronic mail etc.

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