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Computer Advance Architecture: Graphene Processors

Graphene has potential to revolutionize computer processors. Processors use transistors made of silicon which have limitations as they get hot above 9 GHz. Graphene transistors could run 1000 times faster with less heat. Samsung developed a way to mass produce graphene and combine it with silicon to create hybrid transistors for processors. While graphene processors may not replace silicon for 10 years, it may become the dominant material for future high-performance computing.

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Dhon Fronda
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44 views23 pages

Computer Advance Architecture: Graphene Processors

Graphene has potential to revolutionize computer processors. Processors use transistors made of silicon which have limitations as they get hot above 9 GHz. Graphene transistors could run 1000 times faster with less heat. Samsung developed a way to mass produce graphene and combine it with silicon to create hybrid transistors for processors. While graphene processors may not replace silicon for 10 years, it may become the dominant material for future high-performance computing.

Uploaded by

Dhon Fronda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER ADVANCE

ARCHITECTURE

Graphene Processors
1. What is a Processor
2. What is a Transistor
3. What is Graphene
4. Graphene Processors
• A processor, or
"microprocessor," is
a small chip that
resides in computers
and other electronic
devices. Its basic job
is to receive input
and provide the
appropriate output.

PROCESSORS
• The central processor of
a computer is also
known as the CPU, or
"central processing
unit." This processor
handles all the basic
system instructions,
such as processing
mouse and keyboard
input and running
PROCESSORS applications.
Transistors
• A transistor is a basic
electrical component that
alters the flow of electrical
current. Transistors are the
building blocks of integrated
circuits, such as computer
processors, or CPUs.
Transistors
• Most transistors include three
connection points, or terminals,
which can connect to other
transistors or electrical
components. By modifying the
current between the first and
second terminals, the current
between the second and third
terminals is changed. This allows a
transistor to act as a switch, which
can turn a signal on or off.
Transistors
• A transistor is a semiconductor
device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of
semiconductor material usually
with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit
Computer
Processors are
super fast.
Made of
copper and
silicon
16 Billion Transistors

• The one in the M1 has 16


billion transistors; by
comparison, AMD's Zen 2
7nm architecture has 3.9
billion, and Tiger Lake has 5
billion.
FASTER BUT
HOTTER
• Another way of making computers
faster, rather than shrinking transistor
size, is to simply make those transistors
run faster. Unfortunately, because
silicon isn't a very good conductor, a
significant amount of the power sent
through the processor winds up
converted to heat.
HOTTER SLOWER
• If you try to clock silicon
processors up much above nine
gigahertz, the heat interferes
with the operation of the
processor. The 9 gigahertz
requires extraordinary cooling
efforts (in some cases involving
liquid nitrogen). Most consumer
chips run much more slowly.
Graphene Computers
Work 1000 Times
Faster, Use Far Less
Power
It's smaller but more powerful.
GRAPHENE
• Graphene is a material made of strongly
bonded framework of carbon atoms
(similar to carbon nanotubes). It has a
number of remarkable properties,
including immense physical strength
and near-superconductivity. There are
dozens of potential applications for
graphene, from space elevators to body
armor to better batteries but the one
that's relevant to this is their potential
role in computer architectures.
GRAPHENE
• Graphene, in contrast, is an
excellent conductor. A graphene
transistor can, in theory, run up to
500 GHz without any heat
problems to speak of -- and, you
can etch it the same way you etch
silicon.
• IBM has engraved simple analog
graphene chips already, using
traditional chip lithography
techniques.
GRAPHENE
• Until recently, the issue has
been two fold: first, that it's
very difficult to manufacture
graphene in large quantities,
and, second, that we do not
have a good way to create
graphene transistors that
entirely block the flow of
current in their 'off' state.
Samsung
• The first problem was solved
when electronics giant
Samsung announced that its
research arm had discovered
a way to mass produce
whole graphene crystals
with high purity.
Samsung Transistors
• What manufacturers did like
Samsung is that they developed a
transistor that uses the properties
of a silicon-graphene interface in
order to produce the desired
properties and built a number of
basic logic circuits with it. While
not a pure graphene computer,
this scheme would preserve many
of the beneficial effects of
graphene.
• "Graphene is a material that
can be utilized in numerous
disciplines including, but not
limited to: bioengineering,
composite materials, energy
technology and
nanotechnology."
Graphene in the near
Future
• It could take up to a decade for
the technology to be mature
enough to really replace silicon
entirely. However, in the long
term, it's very likely that
graphene (or a variant of the
material) will be the backbone
of the computing platform of
the future.
REFERENCE
• https://www.itproportal.com/2012/08/07/graphene-vs-silicon-the-
hype-and-reality/
• https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/latest-computer-technology-see-
believe/
• https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/how-transistors-ch
anged-electronics-forever/

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