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Growth and Development of The Learner

This document summarizes the biological and psychological stages of human development from prenatal through late adolescence/early adulthood. It outlines 7 major stages from infancy to old age and describes motor behavior, adaptive behavior, language behavior, and personal/social behavior at various ages within each stage based on the work of Arnold Lee Gessel. The stages cover physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development at different periods throughout the lifespan.

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Najeb Tomaga
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67 views21 pages

Growth and Development of The Learner

This document summarizes the biological and psychological stages of human development from prenatal through late adolescence/early adulthood. It outlines 7 major stages from infancy to old age and describes motor behavior, adaptive behavior, language behavior, and personal/social behavior at various ages within each stage based on the work of Arnold Lee Gessel. The stages cover physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development at different periods throughout the lifespan.

Uploaded by

Najeb Tomaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Growth and

Development of the
Learner
THE BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Prenatal Stage
>This Stage is from conception to birth.
The Period of Infancy or Babyhood

> this period is from birth to two years.


Early Childhood

> this period is from two to six years.


Late Childhood

> this period is from six or seven to eleven


or twelve years.
Puberty Age

> this period starts at about twelve or


thirteen to fourteen or fifteen years.
Early Adolescence

> this period starts from puberty to


seventeen years.
Late Adolescence

> this period starts from eighteen to twenty


one years.
Early Adulthood

> this period starts from twenty one to


forty years.
Middle Age

> this period starts from forty to sixty five


years.
Old Age

> this period starts at attaining sixty five


years.
Arnold Lee Gessel
4 Aspects of the Development of Behavior
1. Motor Behavior
2. Adaptive Behavior
3. Language Behavior
4. Personal/Social Behavior
Age Motor Behavior

18 Months > begins to walk without support


> ability to balance on one leg
> can roll, pick and throw a ball
2 Years >can walk upstairs and downstairs
without help although he must take one foot at a time
> likes to jump
3 Years >can go upstairs/downstairs without
having to rest both feet on every step
4 years > can button his clothes and put on his shoes
but cannot not his laces for some time yet
Age Motor Behavior
5 Years Old >acts more like an adult
6 Years Old > very lively but rather restless
7 Years Old > Ability to concentrate
8 Years Old > extremely careless in his violent activity
9 years Old > coordination of eye and hand is well-developed
10 years Old > Control of values skills is expressed in different ways
11-1 Years Old > has a gentler rhythm
13 Years Old > uneasiness is an expression of interaction and of a need to organize and understand one’s
experience
14 Years Old > movements are prone to clumsiness
15 Years Old > There is an urgent demand for Independence which makes him both vulnerable and
aggressive
16 Years Old > Vulnerable Strivings towards Independence have turned into a calm feeling of
emancipation
Age Adaptive Behavior

18 Months > can distinguish certain shapes


2 Years >attention increases
3 Years >perception increases both in extent and
keenness
4 years >Ideas of Past and Future are vague
Age Adaptive Behavior
5 Years Old >the child has become calmer
6 Years Old > more comprehensive
7 Years Old > imagination is more reflective
8 Years Old > understands the difference between imagination and reality
9 years Old > fond of collecting or classifying
10 years Old > receptive to social and culture references
11-12 Years Old > self-knowledge increases
13 Years Old > begins to discover himself
14 Years Old > more optimistic
15 Years Old > changes to some direction and to some extend their character
16 Years Old > there is a stable outlook towards the future and definite plans
Age Language Behavior

18 Months > Linguistic ability has developed


2 Years >considerate understanding of language has
been gained
3 Years >very inquisitive
4 years > extremely active
Age Language Behavior
5 Years Old >Language is free from childish sounds
6 Years Old > aggressive and boastful
7 Years Old > interest in reading varies
8 Years Old > pronunciation is often good
9 years Old > interest in reading increases but changes as well
10 years Old > carries on conversation without interruption
11-12 Years Old > ability to handle verbal symbols
13 Years Old > peer has great influence in utterance of words
14 Years Old > shows changes in comprehension
15 Years Old > frankness turns into reserve causing inner strain
16 Years Old > maturation level of conversation has increased
Age Personal/Social Behavior

18 Months > disobedient


2 Years >looks happy when being praised
3 Years >fear of noise
4 years > frequently refuses to obey
Age Personal/Social Behavior
5 Years Old >protective towards weaker playmates
6 Years Old > wants to be the best
7 Years Old > crying openly is not observed
8 Years Old > very active in his groups
9 years Old > unwillingness to accept authority
10 years Old > social ability improves
11-12 Years Old > social ability improves
13 Years Old > shyness
14 Years Old > circle of companies is frequently very wide
15 Years Old > social pressure brought to bear by a number of groups ready to sacrifice his
independence then the family group has to suffer
16 Years Old > Ideas about Marriage

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