Lesson 9

Properties of the
Operations on
Rational Numbers
Lesson Objective:
Identify the different properties of
operations on rational numbers.
Differentiate between associative and
distributive property.
Solve problems involving properties of
rational number.
 Let’s get started
Warm it up
Properties of the operation Rational
Numbers

Develop your understanding

Properties of the operations on rational

numbers in Real Life

Evaluate your learning

 Warm it up
Arrange the jumbled letters to
form words.
1.ESUCOLR
2.EVITAICOSSA
3.TUOMCAEVMTI
4.EVNIRES
5.IDNTYETI
1.CLOSURE
2.ASSOCIATIVE
3.COMMUTATIVE
4.INVERSE
5.IDENTITY
Lesson Proper

PROPERTIES OF THE OPERATIONS

ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
The set of real numbers has several
properties that make the operations of
addition and multiplication easier to
perform.
The Closure Property
A set S is closed under the
operation if whenever a and
b are in S, a b is in S.
Note : stands for any
mathematical operation.
Addition
The sum of any two rational is always
a rational number. If a/b and c/d are
any two rational numbers, then () + () is
also a rational number.
Example:
+ = = is a rational number.
Subtraction
The difference between any two rational
numbers is always a rational. If and are any
two rational numbers then, () – () is also a
rational number.
Example:
– = = is a rational number.
Multiplication
The product of two rational numbers is
always a rational number. If and are any
two rational numbers then, () x () is also a
rational number.
Example:
x = is a rational number.
Division
The collection of non-zero rational
numbers is closed under division. If and
are two rational numbers, such that ≠ 0,
then ÷ is always a rational number.
Example :
÷ = x = 2 is a rational number
Commutative Property
Background
The word commutative comes from the
verb “to commute.”
Commuting means changing, replacing, or
exchanging
People who travel back and forth to work
are called commuters.
Traffic Reports given during rush hours are
also called commuter reports.
 Commuter
B
Commuter
A
Commuter A & Commuter B
changed lanes.

Remember… commute
means to change.

Commuter
Commuter
A
B
Would the distance from Home to School
and then from school to home change?

Home + School = School + Home

Commutative Properties of Addition and Multiplication
If a and b represent real numbers, then
a+b=b+a
a.b = b.a
Example:
a.(-16) + 12 = -4
12 + (-16) = -4
Therefore, (-16) + 12 = 12 + (-16)
b. (-23) . (-4) = 92
(-4) . (-23) = 92
Therefore, (-23) . (-4) = (-4) . (-23).
 Associative Property
Background
The word associative comes from the
verb “to associate.”
Associate means connected, joined, or
related
People who work together are called
associates.
They are joined together by business, and
they do talk to one another.
Here are three associates.

B calls A first He calls C

last
B

If he called C first,
A then called A, would C
it have made a
difference?
NO!
 Associative Property of
Addition and Multiplication

If a, b, and c represent real numbers,

then
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(a.b) . c = a .(b . c)
The role of parentheses
 In math, we use parentheses to show groups.
 Inthe order of operations, the numbers and
operations in parentheses are done first. (PEMDAS)
Example: Illustrating the associative properties

a.(2 + 3) + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9
2 + (3 + 4) = 2 + 7 =9
Therefore, (2 + 3) + 4 = 2+ (3 + 4).

b. (3. 4) .2 = (12) .2 = 24
3. (4. 2) = 3 .(8) = 24
Therefore, (3.4) . 2 = 3. (4.2).
Identity Property I am me!
You cannot change
My identity!
The identity properties state that when we add 0 to a number or
when we multiply a number by 1, we do not change the original
number.

Additive and Multiplicative Identity

Properties
Let a represent a real number.
a+0=0+a=a
a.1=1.a=a
Zero is the identity element for addition.
One is the identity element for multiplication.
Example:

1.12 + 0 = 0 + 12 = 12

2.12 . 1 = 1 .12 =12

Inverse Property
Inverse means “opposite”.
The opposite of addition is…

subtraction.

The opposite of division is…

multiplication.
Inverse Properties for Addition and
Multiplication

Let a represent a real number.

a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0
a.() = (). a = 1 ( a ≠ 0)
Example: Illustrating the Inverse Property

a.-5 is the additive inverse of 5, since 5 + (-5) = 0.

b.() is the additive inverse of (-), since (-) + () = 0

c.()is the multiplicative inverse of (),since () . () = 1

Distributive Property
Background
The word distributive comes from
the verb “to distribute.”
Distributing refers to passing things
out or delivering things to people
You will be distributing 5 items to each house.
5(2 + 3) = (5 • 2) + (5 • 3)
You distributed (delivered) these
all in one trip.
You need to deliver 5 gifts to
each house.
To each house, you will deliver 2
red gifts and 3 green gifts.
How many red gifts?
How many green gifts?

5 houses x 2 red gifts and 5 houses x 3

green gifts = (5x2) + (5x3) = 25 items all
together
Distributive Property of Multiplication
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
For any real numbers a, b, and c
a . (b + c) = (a . b) + (a . c)
and (b + c) . a = (b . a) + (c . a).
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Subtraction
For any real numbers a, b, and c
a . (b - c) = (a . b) - (a . c)
and (b - c) . a = (b . a) - (c . a).
Example: Use the distributive property and its results
to rewrite each mathematical expression
a. 2(3 + 4) b. 3 (x + 2) c. 7 (x - 2)
Solution:
a.2 (3 + 4)
=(2 . 3) + (2. 4)
=6+8
= 14
b. 3 (x + 2)
=(3.x) + (3 . 2)
= 3x + 6
c. 7 (x - 2)
= (7 . x) – (7.2)
= 7x -14
Develop your understanding

How do you remember the

properties of rational/real number?

Why is it important to know

the order of operations?
Properties of the operations on rational numbers in Real Life
Mark is a baker and today he has received a cake order for a party.
They have told him that the party will have 4 tables, and each of the
tables, they want to put 2 cakes. How many cakes will Mark have to
make?
To solve this problem we must multiply.
We can do this in two ways:
If we multiply 2 cakes which will be on each table for four tables, we
get 8.
2x4=8
If we multiply 4 tables by 2 cakes in each table, we also get 8 cakes.
4x2=8
Therefore, no matter the order in which you multiply the two numbers,
we always get the result of 8 cakes in total
 Properties of the operations on rational numbers in Real Life
In a park, there were 5 fir trees and 4 pines. The gardener has
planted six more pine. How many trees are in the park now?
Solution:
First, we can add the trees that were already in the park, (5 + 4) and then
the pines that have just been planted (6). We are grouping the addends in
this way:
(a + b) +c, so we have
(5 + 4)+ 6 = 9 + 6 = 15
Now we will solve the problem by grouping the addends differently.
First, add the pine trees (4 + 6). Then add the fir trees (5). We are grouping
the addends in this way:
a + (b + c), so we have
5 + (4 + 6) = 5 + 10 = 15
 Evaluate your learning

Identify the properties that justifies each statement.

1.x + 3 = 3 + x 6. 1 (10) = 10
2. (x + 2) + y = x + (2 + y) 7. 11 . =1
3. 3 (5x) = 15x 8. 1 + 2 = 3
4. 0. x = x. 0 9. 0 + =
5. 5 + (-5) = 0 10. ax + x = x(a + 1)
1.Commutative property of Addition
2.Associative property of addition
3.Distributive property of multiplication
4.Commutative property of multiplication
5.Inverse property of Addition
6.Identity property of Multiplication
7.Inverse property of Multiplication
8.Closure property
9.Identity property of Addition
10.Distributive property of multiplication over Addition
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Archieval A. Rodriguez, E. .. (2018). Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Second Edition. Phoenex Publishing House, Inc.