Polisakarida Lipid Metabolisme

BIOKIMIA
Polisakarida dan Lipid

REVIEW METABOLISM
Carbohydrates
• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Their major function is to supply a source of
cellular food
• Examples:
– Monosaccharides or simple sugars
Figure 2.13a
Carbohydrates
• Disaccharides or double sugars
Figure 2.13b
Hydrolysis of starch by alpha-amylase
Hydrolysis of starch by amylase
in saliva and pancreatic juice results in formation of dextrins,computing
then:
glucose
maltose
isomaltose
CH2OH CH2OH
16 links: branch points in
O O amylopectin and glycogen
OH OH
O O
O
OH OH
CH2OH CH2 CH2OH CH2OH
O O O O
OH OH OH OH
O O O O O
OH OH OH OH
esentation copyright © 2002 David A Bender and some images copyright © 2002 Taylor & Francis Ltd 
Glycolysis pathway
[Tri-carboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle]
Metabolisme Lipid
Lipid
(Tri-acyl-glycerol, trigliserida)
Asam Lemak
Asam Lemak
CH3(CH2)nCH2CO 2H
O O
CH3(CH2)nCH2C-OH H-O-R CH3(CH2)nCH2C-OH H-S-R
O O
CH3(CH2)nCH2C-O-R CH3(CH2)nCH2C-S-R
Ester Thioester
Asam Lemak sebagai Gudang Energi
• Asam lemak merupakan bentuk utama

cadangan energi tubuh
• Rantai karbonnya dapat tereduksi nyaris
sempurna sebagai CH2
• Terkemas rapih di dalam jaringan
penyimpanan
Gudang lemak
• Umumnya dlm bentuk triacylglycerols
(triglycerides) dlm sel-sel adiposa
• Merupakan 84% cadangan energi tubuh
• Sementara itu:
• Protein - 15%
• Carbohydrate (glucose or glycogen) - <1%
Pembentukan asam lemak
dari Triacylglycerols
O
CH 2OC-R1 CH 2OH
O Lipases
CHOC-R 2 CHOH
O
CH 2OC-R3 CH 2OH
Triacylglycerol Glycerol
+
O O O
HOC-R 1 HOC-R 2 HOC-R 3
Produksi ATP dari reaksi
Beta Oksidasi Asam Lemak:
• Merupakan reaksi bertahap pemutusan
rantai asam lemak menjadi asetil-CoA
• Terjadi di mitochondria
[O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O]
CO2H
9 CH3COSCoA
Translocase
Carnitine acyltransferase I Carnitine acyltransferase II

Source: http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/mitochondria_1.htm
Complete Beta Oxidation
of Palmitoyl CoA
CH 3 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 COSCoA
7 Cycles
+
8 CH3COSCoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H
I. Hidrolisis Lipid
II. Pengikatan as.lemak dg CoA-SH

membentuk asil-CoA
III. Transpor asil-CoA ke dalam mitokondria dengan dibantu oleh
carnitine sebagai carrier, membentuk asil-karnitin
IV. Degradasi asil-Coa di dalam mitokondria:
Energetics of Complete
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
High Energy Phosphate
Bonds Generated
Palmitic Acid Palmitoyl CoA -2

TCA Cycle
CH3COSCoA CO2 + H2O 108
Net 106
106 High Energy Phosphate Bonds G0’ = 3,233 KJ/Mole

For Palmitic Acid CO2: Efficiency
G0’ = - 9,790 KJ/Mole of -Oxidation = 33%
Beta Oxidation of Odd
Carbon Fatty Acids
CH 3CH 2 CH 2--CH2 CH 2--CH2 CH 2 --CH2CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 COSCoA
5 Cycles
5 CH3COSCoA + CH3CH2COSCoA Propionyl CoA

Propionyl CoA Carboxylase
TCA Cycle ATP/CO2
CO2 H CO2 H
Mutase Epimerase
HO 2 CCH 2 CH 2COSCoA
CH 3 -C-H H-C-CH3
Succinyl CoA Vit. B12 COSCoA COSCoA

L-Methylmalonyl D-Methylmalonyl
CoA CoA
Beta Oxidation of
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
H H
CH 3(CH2)7-C=C-CH 2 (CH2)6 COSCoA
Oleoyl CoA
Beta Oxidation
(3 Cycles)
H
H H Isomerase
CH 3(CH2 )7-C=C-CH 2COSCoA CH 3(CH2 )7 -CH2 -C=C-COSCoA
trans-2 H
cis- 3
Continuation of Beta Oxidation

Beta Oxidation of Branched
Chain Fatty Acids
CH3 CH3
CH 3 (CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 )3 CHCH 2 CO 2H
Phytanic Acid
(from breakdown of chlorophyll)
-Hydroxylase
CH3 CH3
CH 3(CHCH 2CH 2CH 2 )3CHCHCO 2H CO2
CH3 CH3
OH
-Oxidation CH 3 (CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 )3 CHCO 2 H
(in peroxisomes) Pristanic Acid
Beta Oxidation of Branched
Chain Fatty Acids (Cont’d)
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
CH 3(CHCH 2CH 2 CH 2 )3CHCO 2H CH 3 (CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 )3 CHCOSCoA
Pristanic Acid Pristanoyl CoA

Beta Oxidation
CH3 (6 cycles)
CH3CHCOSCoA + 3 CH3CH2COSCoA + 3 CH3COSCoA

iso-Butyryl CoA Propionyl CoA Acetyl CoA
HO 2CCH 2 CH 2COSCoA TCA Cycle

Succinyl CoA
Refsum’s Disease
• A rare inherited disorder in which
phytanic acid accumulates in tissues:
• Possibly due to defect or deficiency of the -
hydroxylase
• Nerve and retinal damage
• Spastic movement
• Bone and skin changes
• Treatment: Avoidance of chlorophyll-
containing foods, including meat from plant-
eating animals

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BIOKIMIA

Polisakarida dan Lipid

• Asam lemak merupakan bentuk utama

[O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O] [O]

Carnitine acyltransferase I Carnitine acyltransferase II

CH 3 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 CH 2 --CH2 COSCoA

II. Pengikatan as.lemak dg CoA-SH

Palmitic Acid Palmitoyl CoA -2

106 High Energy Phosphate Bonds G0’ = 3,233 KJ/Mole

5 CH3COSCoA + CH3CH2COSCoA Propionyl CoA

Succinyl CoA Vit. B12 COSCoA COSCoA

CH 3(CH2 )7-C=C-CH 2COSCoA CH 3(CH2 )7 -CH2 -C=C-COSCoA

Continuation of Beta Oxidation

Pristanic Acid Pristanoyl CoA

CH3CHCOSCoA + 3 CH3CH2COSCoA + 3 CH3COSCoA

HO 2CCH 2 CH 2COSCoA TCA Cycle

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