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    Sai Kishore Reddy

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    satwik reddy
    This document reviews the performance of internal combustion engines using alternative fuels. It discusses different types of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, hydrogen, ethanol and biomethane. Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification where vegetable oils are converted into simpler molecules with properties similar to diesel. Using alternative fuels reduces dependence on fossil fuels and harmful emissions. However, alternative fuels may increase engine wear initially until more compatible materials are used for parts like pistons and rings. Overall, alternative fuels have the potential to minimize pollution from vehicles while reducing reliance on petroleum diesel.

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    Sai Kishore Reddy

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    satwik reddy
    25 views16 pages
    This document reviews the performance of internal combustion engines using alternative fuels. It discusses different types of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, hydrogen, ethanol and biomethane. Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification where vegetable oils are converted into simpler molecules with properties similar to diesel. Using alternative fuels reduces dependence on fossil fuels and harmful emissions. However, alternative fuels may increase engine wear initially until more compatible materials are used for parts like pistons and rings. Overall, alternative fuels have the potential to minimize pollution from vehicles while reducing reliance on petroleum diesel.

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    This document reviews the performance of internal combustion engines using alternative fuels. It discusses different types of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, hydrogen, ethanol and biomethane. Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification where vegetable oils are converted into simpler molecules with properties similar to diesel. Using alternative fuels reduces dependence on fossil fuels and harmful emissions. However, alternative fuels may increase engine wear initially until more compatible materials are used for parts like pistons and rings. Overall, alternative fuels have the potential to minimize pollution from vehicles while reducing reliance on petroleum diesel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views16 pages

    Sai Kishore Reddy

    Uploaded by

    satwik reddy
    This document reviews the performance of internal combustion engines using alternative fuels. It discusses different types of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, hydrogen, ethanol and biomethane. Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification where vegetable oils are converted into simpler molecules with properties similar to diesel. Using alternative fuels reduces dependence on fossil fuels and harmful emissions. However, alternative fuels may increase engine wear initially until more compatible materials are used for parts like pistons and rings. Overall, alternative fuels have the potential to minimize pollution from vehicles while reducing reliance on petroleum diesel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    A REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OF IC

    ENGINES USING ALTERNATIVE


    FUELS

    NAME: B.SAIKISHORE REDDY


    ROLL NO:15B81A03E2
    BRANCH:MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    INTRODUCTION
     Internal combustion engines are seen every day in automobiles, trucks, and
    buses.
     There are basically two types of I.C. ignition engines, those which need a
    spark plug, and those that rely on compression of a fluid.
     Spark ignition engines take a mixture of fuel and air, compress it, and ignite
    it using a spark plug.
     The name `reciprocating‘ is given because of the motion that the crank
    mechanism goes through. The piston- cylinder engine is basically a crank-
    slider mechanism, where the slider is the piston in this case.
     The piston is moved up and down by the rotary motion of the two arms or
    links. The crankshaft rotates which makes the two links rotate. The valves
    on top represent induction and exhaust valves necessary for the intake of an
    air-fuel mixture and exhaust of chamber residuals.
    PARTS OF THE ENGINE BLOCK
     Cylinder – the part of the engine block where the combustion takes place.
     Piston – a plunger with rings that fit against the inside cylinder walls and
    prevent air from leaking past
     Connecting rod – connects the piston to the crankshaft. Fastened by the wrist
    pin
     Crankshaft – shaft with offsets to which the connecting rods are attached.
     
    BORE AND STROKE OF A CYLINDER
    COMPONENTS OF PISTON ASSEMBLY
    COMPONETS OF CRANKSHAFT
    Why alternative fuels are needed ?

     Increase in Cost of other fossil fuels


     Harmful effects caused by conventional fuels
     Green house effect and global warming
     Air pollution
     Acid rain
     Finite resource
    ALTERNATIVE FUELS
     The large increase in number of automobiles in recent years has resulted in
    great demand for petroleum products.
     Biodiesel can be used in existing engines without any modifications
     Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel; emissions of carbon monoxide and soot tend
    to be reduced compared to conventional diesel fuel.
     The Occupational Safety and Health Administration classify biodiesel as a
    non-flammable liquid.
     The use of biodiesel can extend the life of diesel engines because it is more
    lubricating than petroleum diesel fuel.
    Types of alternative fuels

     Hydrogen CNG
     Alcohol fuels—Methanol and Ethanol
     Bio-Diesel
     Hydrogen and Formic acids
     ammonia
     Hydrogen
     Propane
     Biofuels
     Biomass
    Considerations of alternative fuels

     Physical properties
     Compatibility
     Manufacturing cost and infrastructures.
    DEMAND FOR ALTERNATE FUELS
    BIODIESEL

     Biodiesel is a renewable and clean burning fuel that is made from waste
    vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel
    vehicles
     Biodiesel produces less toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases than petroleum
    diesel
     It is used in pure form (B100) or can be blended with petro-diesel in form of
    B2(2% biodiesel, 98% petroleum diesel), B5(5% biodiesel,95% petroleum
    diesel) B100(pure biodiesel)
     Biodiesel has helped several countries in reducing their dependence on
    foreign oil reserves as it is domestically produced and can be used in any
    diesel engine with little or no modification to the engine
    PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
     Vegetable oils are chemically complex esters of fatty acids. These are the fats
    naturally present in oil seeds, and known as tri-glycerides of fatty acids.
     The molecular weight of these tri-glycerides would be of order of 800 kg/m3or
    more.
     These molecules have to be split into simpler molecules so that they have
    viscosity and other properties comparable to standard diesel oils.
     Modifying the vegetable oils (to make them lighter) can be achieved in many
    ways, including; Pyrolysis, Micro emulsification, Dilution and
    Transesterification
    Preparation of biodiesel
    ADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS
    OVER PETROLEUM DIESEL
     Biodiesel is simple in use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and
    aromatics.
     It can be used in most diesel engines, especially newer ones, and emits less air
    pollutants and green house gases other than nitrogen oxides.
     It is relatively safer to handle and has virtually the same energy efficiency as petroleum
    diesel. In addition it has lubricity benefits that fossil fuels do not.
     Reduce carbon based emissions.
     Scientific research confirms that biodiesel exhaust has a less harmful impact on human
    health than petroleum diesel fuel.
     Biodiesel emissions have decreased levels of hydrocarbons and nitrited compounds that
    have been identified as potential cancer causing compounds.
    EXPECTED OUTCOME
     The wear and tear of piston rings and liner is expected to be more when
    compared with the engine using Diesel as a fuel. This leads to more fuel
    consumption and may demand for re-boring of cylinder at the early stages.
     The above situation demands for newer material for piston, piston rings, liner
    which are compatible for Alternative fuel.
     Reduction of pollutants from fossil fuels can be minimized to a greater extent
    THANK YOU.

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