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7e Mixtures and Separation - STD

This document provides an overview of mixtures and separation techniques. It defines key terms like mixtures, solutions, suspensions and colloids. It explains how filtration can be used to separate insoluble solids from mixtures. Evaporation and distillation are introduced as methods to separate dissolved solids like salt from water. Chromatography is described as a technique using paper to separate mixtures. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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Johanna Urwin
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406 views35 pages

7e Mixtures and Separation - STD

This document provides an overview of mixtures and separation techniques. It defines key terms like mixtures, solutions, suspensions and colloids. It explains how filtration can be used to separate insoluble solids from mixtures. Evaporation and distillation are introduced as methods to separate dissolved solids like salt from water. Chromatography is described as a technique using paper to separate mixtures. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Johanna Urwin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7E MIXTURES AND SEPARATION

7EA MIXTURES P.74-75

What is a mixture? (μείγμα)


MIXTURES CAN BE…

• Suspensions
• Colloids
• Solutions
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
Dissolves Does not dissolve
(e.g. salt in water) (e.g. sand in water)

solution suspension
• Substances that do not dissolve in a solvent (e.g water) are insoluble.
• When an insoluble substance is mixed with water, the mixture formed
may be a suspension or a colloid.
• Suspension: Mixture separates if not stirred.
• Colloid: Mixture does NOT separate if not stirred.

Suspension E.g: Sand+water Colloid: E.g Mayonnaise, milk


SOLUTIONS

SOLUTION
SOLUTE SOLVENT MIXTURE -
Substance dissolving Liquid (WATER) SOLUTION IS
(E.g salt) ALWAYS
TRANSPARENT
HOW DO WE SEPARATE AN INSOLUBLE SOLID
FROM A MIXTURE? BY FILTRATION (P.72)
HOW DOES FILTRATION WORK?

• The filter paper has small holes through which the liquid
particles can pass.
• Insoluble solid particles are too large to pass through so
they stay on the filter paper.
QUESTION 1
QUESTION 2
CIRCLE TRUE/FALSE

1. A suspension separates if not TRUE / FALSE


stirred
2. Sand and water is an example of a TRUE / FALSE
colloid
3. Salt and water is an example of a TRUE / FALSE
solution
4. A colloid is an opaque mixture TRUE / FALSE

5. You can separate a soluble solid from TRUE / FALSE


a liquid using filtration
7EB – SOLUTIONS P.76-77
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

• This law in science says that:


‘Mass cannot be created nor
destroyed’.
So,
Mass of the solution = Mass of salt + mass of water.
WHAT IS A SATURATED SOLUTION?

• When you cannot dissolve any more solid in water, the


solution is said to be saturated.
• The solubility of a substance = mass of solid (g) / Mass of
water (g)
• If the solubility of a substance is 38 g in 100 g of water at
25 oC,
a saturated solution is when we dissolve 38 g or more in 100
g of water.
The extra solid sinks to the bottom.
• The solubility of a substance also increases when
temperature increases.
BOOK P.77 Q.6
ACTIVITY
BOOKLET 1, P.1
GRAPHING
SOLUBILITY 1
ACTIVITY BOOKLET
1, P.1
GRAPHING
SOLUBILITY 1
7EC EVAPORATION P.80-81
EVAPORATION

• Evaporation (εξάτμηση) is when a liquid becomes a gas at its surface.


• Evaporation happens at ANY temperature but it is faster when it is HOT.
• Boiling is when all parts of the liquid turn into a gas.
• This happens only at the boiling point (σημείο βρασμού) of
a liquid.
• For example, the boiling point of water is 100 oC.
• When a liquid is boiling, we can see large bubbles
throughout.

Large bubbles
HOW DO WE GET THE DISSOLVED
SALT FROM A SOLUTION?
HOW DO WE GET THE DISSOLVED
SALT FROM A SOLUTION?

1. Pour the solution in an evaporating basin.


2. Place the evaporating basin with the
solution on a gauze on a tripod.
3. Heat the solution using a
Bunsen-burner flame until
all the water evaporates.
4. This will leave the dissolved salt behind.
Salt
crystals
ROCK-SALT

• The salt in rock salt is sodium chloride. This is the same


salt found in sea water or a salt lake which we also use in
our food!
HOW DO WE GET SALT FROM ROCK
SALT?

pestle
• Rock salt is a mixture of: sand and salt.

mortar

Glass rod
beaker
ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1, P 3.
7ED CHROMATOGRAPHY P.82-83
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

METHOD

• One drop of the mixture is placed on the pencil line.​


•The bottom of the paper is dipped into a solvent.

• The more soluble the substance is, the faster it travels up


the paper together with the solvent.

•The paper is removed from the solvent and we get


a chromatogram.
VIDEOS

Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography | Chemical Tests | Chemis


try |
FuseSchool - YouTube

Separation Techniques | Paper Chromatography - YouTube


HW ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1 P.4 AND P.5
7EE:DISTILLATION P.84-85
• p. 84-85
SIMPLE DISTILLATION

• The process where sea water is made safe to drink is


called desalination (αφαλάτωση).

• In the laboratory we can collect pure water from salt


water using simple distillation.
SOLAR STILL

• A solar still may be used to get clean water for drinking in


an emergency by using sea water.
ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1, P.6 – 7

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