PHYSICS PROJECT

2022-2023

water level indicator

Jashanpreet singh
XII C
 ACKNOWLEDGE
MENT

I would like to express my special thanks to

my Physics teacher
Mrs. Vimlesh as well as our Principal Mrs.
Aarti Sharma who gave
me this golden opportunity to work on this
amazing project on the
Topic – WATER LEVEL INDICATOR which
also helped me to research And gain
knowledge about many new things .

Secondly I would like to Thank my parent

and my friends who also played an
important role in Completion of this
project by supporting me which helped me
to Complete the project in given frame of
time.
 Contents
CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

NEED FOR THE WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

ELEMENTS USED

ABOUT COMPONENTS

WORKING OF WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

PROCEDURE

CURCUIT DIAGRAM

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTIO
N

The water level indicator employs a

simple mechanism to detect and
Indicate the water level in an
overhead tank or any other
container. The water level sensing is
done by the 4 probes which are
placed at 4 different positions on
the walls of the container marked
as 25%, 50% 75% and 100%
respectively from the bottom of the
tank . The 4th probe that is 100%
represents the “Tank Full”
condition.
NEED FOR THE WATER
LEVEL INDICATOR

 To prevent the overflow of water.

 To stop wastage of water .
 To gather the attention .
 To stop the wastage of energy .
 For sustainable use of water and
Judicious use of energy
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS USED :

 4 Transistors BC547

 6 Resistors 220 Ω
 LED Bulbs (4)
 9V Battery
 Buzzer

 Battery cap wires
Connecting
 Soldering wires
 Solder
 Switch
ABOUT COMONENT
USED :
1.TRANSISTOR :
These are small
components with
mainly 2 functions
that are :-

– it acts as switch to control the signals

and they can also amplify the signals .
In this project we are going to use the
small and low power transistors . These
are enclosed by a resin case to protect
the internal parts . It has 3 pins that has
different function – The Base is the gate
controller device for the larger electrical
supply. The collector is the large
electrical supply , and the emitter is the
outlet for that supply.
2. RESISTOR :
A resistor is a passive two
-terminal electrical
component that implements
electrical resistance as a
circuit element. In electronic circuits,
resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages.
primary function of a resistor is to “resist”
the flow of electrons, i.e., electric current.
That is why it is called a “resistor”.

3. Light Emitting Diode (LED):

It is a 2 lead semiconductor
light source. It is a pn-junction
diode which emits light when activated.
When a suitable voltage is applied to the
leads electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device
releasing energy in form of photons.
4. Battery :
A battery is an energy source
consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells and
terminals on both ends called
an anode (-) and a cathode (+).
Electrochemical cells transform
chemical energy into electrical
energy. Inside the battery is an
electrolyte, often consisting of soluble salts or
acids, it serves as a conductive medium,
allowing the electric charge to travel through
the battery .

5. Battery Caps:
Battery stud caps are useful
for preventing corrosion or
debris from gathering around
studs or terminals. It also
helps to charge the battery .
6. Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio

signaling device. Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, train and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke. By oscillating the signal
through the coil, the buzzer produces a
fluctuating makes the buzzer sound. magnetic
field, which vibrates the disk.

7.Connecting wires
Wires are used for
establishing electrical
conductivity between two
devices of an electrical
circuit. They possess negligible resistance
to the passage of current. Mostly Copper
wires are used as connecting wires
because the electrical resistivity of copper
is low. It prevents any wastage of electric
current.
8. SOLDERING WIRES :

Solder wires are wires with a low

melting point which can melt
along with the soldering iron.
These are used to connect two
different element of a circuit.

9. Switch :
A switch is a device that is
used for making and breaking
electric current in a circuit.
An electrical switch serves the purpose
of controlling the flow of electrical
current within a circuit. It is used to
turn on and turn off daily used
equipment like television, washing
machine, fan, light, etc.
Working of water level
indicator :

When we power the circuit via a 9V

battery the circuit is in off state there is no
current flow through the transistors and
the remaining circuit.
When we dip the base terminals of all the
transistors one by one in water and also
add the positive terminal of the battery to
water tank, a current in micro Amperes
starts flowing via base terminal. This leads
to the switching of the transistors to ON
state. As the water level in the mug or
tank rises the other base terminals also
gets connected to the battery via water
and thus other LEDs and buzzer finally
starts glowing.
This is how the circuit works. We can use
it at our houses to save the water and
energy.
PROCEDURE:

Insert BC547 transistor on the

breadboard. The left one is collector, the
middle one is base and the last one is the
emitter.
 Insert the other two transistors as well
on the breadboard
 Connect 220 ohms resistors to all the
collector terminals of the transistor of the
breadboard.
Now insert the green Led with its anode
to the emitter of first transistor and
cathode to the negative rail of the
breadboard and do the same for white
and red LEDs.
 Now connect the buzzer on the
breadboard. Connect the negative wire of
the buzzer to the negative rail of the
breadboard and positive wire to the
emitter of the third transistor.
 Connect one wire each to the base of
the transistors. Dip the other end of
the wire in the container with water, it
is important to dip the wires in the
water level-wise and not keep the bare
ends of the wire on the same level.
 Connect the power to the circuit and
start adding water to the bowl and see
the LED's light up sequentially and the
buzzer buzzing at the end.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Applications:
Water level indicator is used in applications
like storage tank, boilers etc. to indicate the
level of water inside it
 It can be used to measure the
underground storge of water .
 It can be used to predict the arrival of
floods .
 It can be used to calculate incoming and
outgoing water in large reserves.
Automatic water level indicators are been
used in hotels , factories, homes,
apartments commercial complexes and in
drainages etc.
 Automatic water level indicator will
automatically start the water pump as
soon as the water level falls below the
predetermined level and will also stops
the pump as soon as the tank is full .
As liquid level indicator is large
machines in the large containers in
the factories.

As fuel level indicators in vehicles . .

 it is also used in pool water level

control.
 Advantages :
• Installation is easy and it requires less
maintenance.
• Compact elegant design
• Save money and power by using less
electricity and water.
• Easy installation with led monitoring.
• Can help avoid seepage of roofs and walls
due to tanks overflowing.
• Automatic operation saves you manual
labor time.
• Avoid seepage of and walls due to
overflowing of tanks .
Conclusion :
The water level indicator is the best
electronic starter device indicating
the water level and saves water
correspondingly. The led blinks
according to their level of water
reaches to them and indicates the
buzzing sound to stop pouring when
it reaches its final limit. This setup
consumes only 9V therefore it does
not produce an electric shock when
we touch the water in the measuring
tank.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://en.Wikipedia.org
https://wwwgoogle.co.in
Class 12 Physics lab manual
Class 12th NCERT Textbook
Class 12th DC Pandey