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Human Ear: (Or Phono Receptor Organ)

The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the external ear including the pinna and external auditory canal. It then details the middle ear, including the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and eustachian tube. Finally, it outlines the structures of the inner ear such as the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and their roles in hearing and balance.

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Sampada Gautam
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106 views32 pages

Human Ear: (Or Phono Receptor Organ)

The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the external ear including the pinna and external auditory canal. It then details the middle ear, including the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and eustachian tube. Finally, it outlines the structures of the inner ear such as the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and their roles in hearing and balance.

Uploaded by

Sampada Gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Ear

( Statoacoustic or
phono receptor organ )
By Dr. Saroj Shrestha
MBBS
Cairo, Egypt
External Ear
Ear Pinna

Elastic cartilage
External Auditory canal

Outer cartilage and


Inner Bony part

Length about 2.5cm

Ceruminous gland ( modified sweat gland )


secrets Ear wax
Tympanic Membrane (ear drum)
Origin: Ectoderm, mesoderm
and endoderm

Inflammation of TM is
Myringitis
………+ itis = inflammation
MCQ
 Ceruminous gland is present in ……………….
( BPKIHS )
a. External auditory canal b. Pinna
c. Eye d. Nose

Origin of Tympanic membrane


( Ear Drum) is ……………….( BPKIHS )
a. Ectoderm b. Mesoderm
c. Endoderm d. All
Middle ear ( Tympanic cavity )
 Air filled cavity
Bony Ossicles
MIS HAS Aqua Horse

Ossicles Shape Modification of


Malleus
Incus
Stapes
(smallest bone )
Middle Ear muscles

 Tensor Tympani and Stapedius


Eustachian/Auditory/Pharyngo tympanic tube:

 Connects nasopharynx with ME

Opens during swallowing


and yawning

Maintains pressure between


inner and outer part of ear drum
Otitis media
Inflammation of ME

Short, wide and horizontally


located ET in Infants
MCQ
1.Eustachian tube connect …………… with
…………. (IOM MOE )
a. Nasopharynx with ME b. EE with ME
c. ME with IE d. Oropharynx with ME

2. Smallest muscle of Human Body


a. Stapedius b. Sartorius
c. Gluteus Maximus d. Masseter
Internal Ear (Labyrinth)
 Fluid filled cavity present in petrous part of
Temporal bone. ( IOM )

Outer Bony labyrinth


perilymph
Inner Membranous
Labyrinth
Endolymph
Cochlea
 Spiral bony part of IE

Helicotrema
Organ of Corti
Contains hair cells and supporting cells
@PCBHD Boettcher cell
Hensen cell vs Hansen disease
( BPKHIS )
Mechanism of Hearing
Normal hearing range 20 Hz to 20kHz.
Most Sensitive between 2 and 3 kHz.
Vestibule
 Contains Saccule and Utricle maintains static
eqilibrium.

Sensory receptor is
Macula
Macula

CaCO3 Crystal
Otoliths or
Statoliths
or Otoconia
Semicircular Canal
 Anterior, posterior and lateral perpendicular
to each other
 Crus Commune
Ductus Reuniens
( reuniens of Hensen)
Ampulla

Sensory receptor
Cristae

1.Function of SCC
( C 2021 )
a. Hearing
b. Balancing
c. Decision
d. Hearing and
e. balancing
Cristae

Gelatinous tissue
Cupula
Outer Bony Labyrinth
 Contains Cochlea, Vestibule and semicircular
canal

 Cochlea = Hearing organ

 Vestibule and SCC = Vestibular apparatus


responsible to maintain equilibrium.
Vestibulocochlear nerve
( Auditory nerve)
 8th cranial nerve ( sensory nerve )

Hearing and
Equilibrium
MCQ
1.Crista is present in
a.Cochlea b. Eye
c. Vestibule d. Semicircular canal

2.Internal Ear Sensory patch is located in


……….. ( IOM)
a. Membranous labyrinth b. Cochlea
c. Fenestra ovalis d. Stapedial plate
Organ of Corti cells are related to..［IOM-1996]

（a)sight （b)hearing

（c)equilibrium （d)taste

Which is the correct sequence of transmission of

vibrations from the air to the auditory nerve in

mammal?［MOE 2058]

（a)Ear bones,cochlea,tympanic membrane

（b) Tympanic membrane,cochlea,ear.bones

（c)Cochlea,ear bones,tympanic membrane

（d)Tympanic membrane,ear bones,cochlea


Sensory spot in ampulla is called [MOE 2009]

（a)Macula （b) Otolith

（c)Crista （d)Organ of Corti

Hensen's cell is found in [ BPKIHS 2008 ]

（a)Eye （b) Ear

（c)Both a&b （d)Spleen


Ceruminous glands are situated [BPKIHS-2071]

（a)Around anus （b)In external auditory meatus

（c)In eye-lids （d)In arm-pits

22.Organ of Corti lies inside the [BPKIHS 2005|

（a)Tympanum (b) Scala vestibuli

（c)Scala tympani (d)Scala media

Cochlea is mainly responsible for [BPKIHS 2004]

（a)Balance only （b) Hearing only

（c)Both balance and hearing （d)Perception of colour


.The part of the ear that distinguish different

pitches is the:［IOM 2004]

（a)Organ of corti (b) Tympanic membrane

（c)Semicircular canal (d)Auditory nerve

27.Tectorial membrane is present in:[I0M 1998|

（a)ear of mammal (b)eye of mammal

（c)ear of frog (d)eye of frog

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