Blasting and Painting Technology Course: Presented by Technical Service PT. HEMPEL Indonesia
Blasting and Painting Technology Course: Presented by Technical Service PT. HEMPEL Indonesia
Blasting and Painting Technology Course: Presented by Technical Service PT. HEMPEL Indonesia
TECHNOLOGY COURSE
Rev. 03/03/06
DAFTAR ISI
I. Karat/ Corrosion
• II. Surface Preparation dan Pengecatan
III. Faktor-faktor penting untuk berhasilnya
Pengecatan
IV. Kerusakan-kerusakan yang terjadi pada Cat
V. Prosedur inspeksi pada waktu Surface preparation
dan Pengecatan
(shortened version)
Karat/ CORROSION adalah Kerusakan pada permukaan material akibat
berhubungan dengan lingkungan sekitarnya yang diikuti dengan
proses reaksi kimia
Cathode Site : 2 H2O + O2 + 4 e -> 4 OH-
[Water + Oxygen + Electron (Iron) = Hydroxyl Ions] OXYGEN
O2
Anode Site :
2 Fe (OH)2 + H2O + ½ O2 -> 2 Fe (OH)3
[Iron Hydroxide + Water + Oxygen = Iron
Hydroxide (RUST)]
06/08/2022 4
Jenis-Jenis karat
2
1 GALVANIC
UNIFORM Corrosion
Corrosion
5
CREVICE Corrosion 3
CONCENTRATION
Corrosion
Types CELL Corrosion
4
PITTING
Corrosion
08/06/2022 5
Rust Grade – A Rust Grade – B Rust Grade – C Rust Grade – D
100% Millscale Millscale + Rust 100% Rust Rust Pits
06/08/2022 6
METAL / ALLOY Potential in VOLTS
(Normally Used in Offshore/ Marine Structures) (Ag/AgCl ref.)
MAGNESIUM / Mg-6Al-3Zn/ ALUMINUM Anode -1.15 to -1.64
Al 5257-H25/ ZINC (MIL-A-18001G) -1.03 to -1.13
ALUMINUM Alloys (5083-0; X7005-T63; 5456-H321) -0.96 to -0.98
ALUMINUM Anode (5Zn)/ ALUMINUM Alloys -0.65 to -0.95
2% Ni CAST IRON/ Cast IRON / Carbon Steel A1010 -0.61 to -0.68 Note:
Hi-Strength, Low-Alloy STEEL/ 430 SS (Active) -0.57 to -0.61 Seawater Velocity = 7.8 to 13 ft/sec
Temperature = 11 to 30 deg C
304 STAINLESS STEEL (Active) / 410 SS (Active) -0.52 to -0.53
Potentials are measured
Ni Resist Type 1/ Tobin BRONZE -0.40 to -0.47 Versus Silver-Silver Chloride
Yellow BRASS/ COPPER / Admiralty BRASS (24.6 C) -0.36 Reference Electrode (SSC)
Red BRASS/ G BRONZE/ Admiralty BRASS (11.9 C) -0.30 to -0.33 Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) =
Aluminum BRASS/ 90-10 CUPRONickel (0.82 & 1.4 Fe) -0.28 to -0.29 +0.245 Volt
Silver/ Silver Chloride (SSC) =
70-30 & 90-10 CUPRONICKEL (0.45, 0.51, 1.4 & 1.5 Fe) -0.22 to -0.25 +0.25 Volt
430 SS (Passive)/ 70-30 CuproNICKEL (0.51Fe) -0.20 to -0.26 Copper/ Copper Sulfate (CSE) =
+0.32 Volt
NICKEL 200/ 316 SS (Active)/ INCONEL 600 -0.17 to -0.20
Zinc Electrode = -0.78 Volt
410 SS (Passive)/ PDA TITANIUM/ SILVER -0.13 to -0.15
BI TITANIUM/ 304 SS (Passive)/ HASTELLOY C -0.08 to 0.10
MONEL 400/ 316 SS (Passive) -0.06 to -0.08
PLATINUM +0.26
GRAPHITE +0.25
06/08/2022 7
1. USE of CORROSION RESISTANT
MATERIALS
• Stainless Steel & Similar Alloys
• Galvanized (Metal Coating) Steels
2. PAINT & COATING APPLICATION
• Protective Coating / Painting Systems
(Powder/ Liquid)
• Anti-Foulings / Other Similar Specialised
Coatings/ Systems
3. CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
• Sacrificial Anode System (Galvanic
Anode)
• Impressed Current Protection System
(ICCP – Inert Anode)
4. COMBINATION of PROTECTION SYSTEM
06/08/2022 8
• II. SURFACE PREPARATION DAN
• PENGECATAN
Mengapa kita perlu Blasting?
Rev03/03/06
Pengecatan :
* Persiapan akan Permukaan
* Metode aplikasi
* Klasifikasi cat
* Pengetahuan akan produk data
* Spesifikasi cat
* Kerusakan cat
Rev 03/03/06
Mengapa kita perlu Pengecatan?
Rev03/03/06
III. FACTOR-FACTOR UTAMA
UNTUK MENCAPAI KEBERHASILAN PENGECATAN
(3) PERSIAPAN (5) PEMILIHAN
PERMUKAAN CAT
TOPCOAT
INTERMEDIATE DFT
PRIMER
(1) SUBSTRATE
Rev 03/03/06
MENENTUKAN TIPE MAINTENANCE
YANG TEPAT
TIPE-TIPE
MAINTENANCE
KONDISI DERAJAT KOROSI KOROSI
PERMUKAAN KOROSI (1) LOKAL MENYEBAR
CAT
Rev 03/03/06
CARA MENGIDENTIFIKASI SISTEM
PADA CAT LAMA (Hanya indikasi)
EPOXY (Lama) - - -
Rev 03/03/06
Persiapan pada permukaan
Rev 03/03/06
Surface Pre-Treatment
Mengapa diperlukan ?
Perencanaan
Kondisi
• Micro climate (Keadaan cuaca)
Persiapan Permukaan
Aplikasi Cat/ Peralatan/ material cat
Surface Pre-Treatment
Bagaimana caranya?
• Blasting
• Millscale
• Rust
(Karat)
Flame cleaning
Hand tools – St 2
Power tools – St 3
Abrasive blasting – Sa 2
Abrasive blasting – Sa 2½
Abrasive blasting – Sa 3
UHP jetting – WJ 3
Surface Pre-Treatment
Tetapi terlebih dahulu bersihkan kontaminan
• Minyak
• Garam
• Debu
• Embun / Genangan air
Surface Pre-Treatment
Kontaminasi pada permukaan
Surface Pre-Treatment
Kontaminasi pada permukaan - debu
Surface Pre-Treatment
Kontaminasi pada permukaan - Minyak
Surface Pre-Treatment
Kontaminasi pada permukaan - Garam
Surface Pre-Treatment
Tahapan dari Pretreatment
A –
Rust Sa
Grade 2
A ½ A – Sa 3
Adherent Mill Scale
A – Sa 2 Rust Grade A
(Mill Scale)
35 juta 4/16/2009
ISO 8501-1 Blast Cleaning Standard
Note : Extract from Pictorial Standards – ISO 8501-1 Handbook. This is computer
generated & variation from actual photographic plates (negative) is possible.
Rust Grade B
B – Sa 3
(Mill Scale + Rust)
B – Sa 2 ½ B – Sa 2
36 juta 4/16/2009
ISO 8501-1 Blast Cleaning Standard
Note : Extract from Pictorial Standards – ISO 8501-1 Handbook. This is computer
generated & variation from actual photographic plates (negative) is possible.
C – Sa 2 ½ C – Sa 3
Rust Grade C
C – Sa 2 (100% Rust / Corrosion)
37 juta 4/16/2009
ISO 8501-1 Blast Cleaning Standard
Note : Extract from Pictorial Standards – ISO 8501-1 Handbook. This is computer
generated & variation from actual photographic plates (negative) is possible.
Rust Grade D
(Pitted Rust) D – Sa 3
D – Sa 2
D – Sa 2 ½
38 juta 4/16/2009
ISO 8501-1 Tool Cleaning Standard
Note : Extract from Pictorial Standards – ISO 8501-1 Handbook. This is computer
generated & variation from actual photographic plates (negative) is possible.
B – St 3 D – St 3
B – St 2 D – St 2
39 juta 4/16/2009
ISO 8501-1 Flame Cleaning Standard
Note : Extract from Pictorial Standards – ISO 8501-1 Handbook. This is computer
generated & variation from actual photographic plates (negative) is possible.
40 juta 4/16/2009
Akhir dari
”Persiapan
Permukaan”
Pengaplikasian Cat
TSC-Intermediate * SPJ/HO-Sept.03
Pengaplikasian Cat
Objektif:
Perencanaan
Kondisi
Metode aplikasi
Kecakapan pekerja
Pengaplikasian Cat
Perencanaan:
Spesifikasi
Perlindungan
Cahaya
Pengaplikasian Cat
Kondisi:
Prakiraan Cuaca
Pengaplikasian Cat
Micro climate (Cuaca)
Suhu udara
Kelembaban udara
Suhu Permukaan
Dew point
calculator
Pengaplikasian Cat
Microclimate: Peraturan dasar pada cuaca
Dengan Tangan
* Roller
* Brush
Spray
Pengaplikasian Cat
Metode Aplikasi: Dengan Tangan
Brush Karakteristik
Typical DFT : 40 um
Pengaplikasian Cat
Metode Aplikasi: Dengan Tangan
Roller Karakteristik
Gauge
125 100 75 50 25
Cat basah
Permukaan
TSC-Basic * SPJ/HO-Mar.03
Klasifikasi Cat
• Cat kering tanpa reaksi kimia - Physically drying
• Cat kering oleh reaksi kimia - Chemically curing
• Cat kering oleh oksigen - Oxidatively curing
Klasifikasi Cat
• Cat kering oleh reaksi kimia - Chemically curing
• Cat kering oleh oksigen - Oxidatively curing
• Physically drying
Klasifikasi Cat
• Cat kering oleh Oksigen - Oxidatively curing
Tars and
Bitumen Drying Oil
Alkyd
Chlorinated rubber Modified alkyds
Vinyl
Acrylic
Tars and
Bitumen Drying Oil
Alkyd
Chlorinated rubber Modified alkyds
Vinyl • Oxidatively curing
Acrylic Epoxy
Polyurethane
• Physically drying• Chemically curing Zinc silicates
Emulsions
Silicone
Klasifikasi Cat
Physically drying – Ciri2x umum
• Chlorinated rubbers
• Vinyls
• Acrylics
Klasifikasi Cat
Chemically curing – Ciri2x umum
• Zinc silicates
• Silicones
• Polyesters
Klasifikasi Cat
Oxidatively curing – Ciri2x umum
• Alkyds
• Modified alkyds
• Epoxy ester
• Silicone
• Styrenated
• Urethane
Pembentukan Lapisan cat
TSC-Basic/CIC/FROSIO * SPJ/HO-Mar.04
Film formation
Physically drying – Solvent borne
Cat basah
Binder molecule
Steel
Solvents
Solvents menguap
Pigmentasi
Cat kering
Film formation
Chemically curing – Solvent borne
Base molecule
(2 reactive groups)
Cat basah
Solvents
Solvents Menguap
Pigmentasi
Cat kering
Film formation
Chemically curing – Cat 2 komponen
Cat Basah
Solvents
Steel
Solvents Menguap
Oxygen penetrating
Pigmentation
Cat kering
Film formation
Suhu minimum
Physically drying, => -10 oC
solvent borne
Alkyds => 5 oC
VIP-Course * HO-Sept.03
Product Data Sheet
Apa itu produk data?
• Mengidentifikasi produk
• Deskripsi dari produk
• Rekomendasi pemakaian
• Suhu yang diperbolehkan
• Physical constants
• Detail aplikasi
Product Data Sheet
Isi Produk Data
• Persiapan permukaan
• Detail aplikasi
• Catatan khusus
• Keamanan – Sertifikasi
– dan lainnya.
Product Data Sheet
Deskripsi
• Kering, TDRY
Cat hanya kontak dengan udara
• Basah, TWET
Cat kontak dengan air
TAIR TWATER
Product Data Sheet
Physical constants
• Volume solids - VS
• Theoretical spreading rate – TSR
• Specified dry film thickness – DFT
• Volatile organic compound - VOC
• Dry to touch
Product Data Sheet
Volume solids - VS
WFT
VS = DFT
WFT
DFT
DFT(µm) x 100
VS(%) =
WFT(µm)
Area dalam meter persegi per satu liter cat - given DFT
1 ltr
DFT (Micron)
VS(%) x 10
TSR(m2/ltr) =
DFT(Micron)
Product Data Sheet
Konsumsi teoritis - (TC)
A(m2)
TC(ltr) =
TSR(m2/ltr)
DFT(Micron) x A(m2)
=
VS(%) x 10
Product Data Sheet
Spreading rate dan Konsumsi cat
C - (ltr) TC < PC
Product Data Sheet
• Specified DFT
• Satu figur
• Umumnya ketebalan minimumum ditentukan
• Actual DFT
• Distribusi
”Average” , ”Standard deviation” , ”Min.” , ”Max.”
Product Data Sheet
Volatile Organic Compounds - VOC
Satu gram komponen yang menguap per satu liter cat (g/ltr)
Kebersihan
• Sa 2½, St 3 ISO 8501-1
Kekasaran
• BN 10 Rugotest No. 3
• Suhu besi
• _> Titik embun + 3 oC
• > Minimum suhu untuk kering
• < 40 oC
• Suhu cat
• 15 – 25 oC
• Kelembaban udara
• < 85% - NB!
Product Data Sheet
Kondisi kering
Suhu besi
• .³ Titik embun + 3 oC
• > suhu minimum kering
• Suhu meningkat pada awal
pengeringan
Product Data Sheet
• Maximum
• Suhu
Akhir dari
”Product Data Sheets”
Spesifikasi cat
Dokumen yang mendeskripsikan apa yang
harus dilakukan.
Rev 03/03/06
Paint Film Defects
Cat meluncur
(Sags/ Curtains/
Sliding)
- Terlalu encer
- Aplikasi terlalu tebal
Paint Film Defects
Keretakan yang
besar
(Alligator)
Penyebab :
- Topcoat
yang keras
diatas primer
yang lunak
- Salah
thinner
Keretakan
Paint Film Defects
Keretakan seperti
pada tanah (Crack)
Keriput (Wrinkle)
- Topcoat dengan
solvent yang kuat
diatas cat dengan
solvent yang lemah
Paint Film Defects
Cat berlubang
(Popping / Pinholes)
- Terdapatnya kotoran
(oil, dust )
- Primer berongga
atau underlayer
- Tidak ada mist coat
(cat dasar yang tipis)
Paint Film Defects
Flaking
Kerusakan
antara
permukaan to
cat atau antara
lapisan cat
Penyebab :
- Surface
preparation
tidak sesuai
- Incompetibel
cat atas dan
bawah
Paint Film Defects
- Salah thinner
- Kelembaban
tinggi
Paint Film Defects
Melepuh (Blistering)
Penyebeb :
- Akibat garam
- Permukaan panas
- Cuaca yang tidak
memungkinkan
Paint Film Defects
Korosi prematur
Penyebab :
- Persiapan permukaan
yang tidak cukup baik
- Ketebalan cat kurang
Paint Film Defects
Cat mengelupas
(Peel Off)
Penyebab :
- Interval waktu
ulang tidak sesuai
- Kondisi cuaca
yang
tidak
memungkinkan
- Solvent retention
Paint Film Defects
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria .
15/05/2009 121
PAINT INSPECTION & TEST – 2
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Std.
3. Surface Cleanliness – Pictorial To determine the surface Every and ISO 8501-1.
Standards cleanliness level of the immediately Pictorial Standard
blast cleaned surfaces in after blasting Handbook or
comparison to a pictorial and similar SSPC-Vis 1.
standard (e.g. viewed surface pre-
without magnification. treatment
works.
4. Dust Assessment by Pressure To determine the level or Every and ISO 8502-3.
Sensitive Tape degree of dusts on immediately
surfaces after every after blast
surface preparation of cleaning and
even on painted surfaces similar surface
after prolonged exposure pre-treatment
outdoor. works.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 122
PAINT INSPECTION & TEST – 3
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Std.
5. Surface Roughness or Anchor To determine the surface Every and ISO 8503-1. The
Profile - Comparator Method roughness of the blast immediately use of Roughness
cleaned surfaces and before blasting Comparator Gages
ensures excellent paint and similar e.g. RUGOTEST
anchoring. surface pre- No. 3,
treatment Keane-TATOR &
works. ISO 8503.
6. Salts on Mineral Abrasives by To determine the quality of Every and ISO 11127-6.
Conductivity Method abrasives used in blasting immediately
particularly the soluble after blast
salts which is detrimental cleaning and
to the paint premature similar surface
failures. pre-treatment
works.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 123
PAINT INSPECTION & TEST - 4
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Stds.
7. Soluble Salts or Chloride Content To determine the soluble Every and ISO 8502-6 and 9..
on Blast Cleaned Steel Surfaces by salts contents on blast immediately
Bresle Method cleaned surface after blast
cleaning and
similar surface
pre-treatment
works using
abrasives
8. Solvent Rub Test – IOZ Cure To determine the curing of Every 1-2 ASTM D 4752. MEK
the Ethyl Zinc Silicate hours interval - Methyl Ethyl
prior to sealing with epoxy during the Ketone
tie coat. Insufficient curing water treatment
will result to premature accelerated
flaking. curing of ESI &
before
application of
tie coat.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 124
PAINT INSPECTION & TEST - 5
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Std.
9. Wet Film Thickness (WFT) To determine the wet film Every and ISO 19840, SSPC-
Checking (WFT) thickness of the immediately PA2, and ISO 2808.
applied coating through a after the paint
spray-out in order to coat or layer
determine the number of has been
spray passes to achieve applied.
the specified DFT.
10. Dry Film Thickness (DFT) To determine the dry film Every and ISO 19840, SSPC-
Checking thickness (DFT) of the dry immediately PA2, and ISO 2808.
hard paint film and /or the after the
fully cured paint film. applied paint
film achieved
the dry hard
level and also
after full curing
for finishing
coats.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 125
PAINT INSPECTION & TEST - 6
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Std.
11. Pull-Off Adhesion Test To determine the pull-off This is a ISO 4624 or ASTM
value adhesion of the Destructive D 4541.
applied and fully cured Test and only
coating/ painting system. tested once as
required during
the PQT and as
necessary.
12. Tape Adhesion Test - Cross Cut To determine the cross cut Destructive ASTM D 3359.
or X Cut Methods or X cut adhesion of the Test and
applied and fully cured method is
coating/ painting system. depending on
the generic and
DFT of the
system being
tested.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 126
PAINT SPECIAL TEST - 1
Test/ Check Item Definition Frequency Ref. Std.
13. High Voltage Holiday Test To detect any pinholes or This is a ASTM D 5162
holidays created during Destructive NACE RP 0188-88
application for coating Test and only ISO 2746
system with DFT total tested once as
above 500 microns. required during
the PQT and as
necessary.
NOTE: Refer to respective test procedures/ standards for details and accept & reject criteria.
15/05/2009 127
•
Akhir dari presentasi....
• Terima Kasih.
• November 2009