Introduction to Information

Technology

Noor Ullah Khan

Computer Science Dept.

University of Sargodha
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 Subject Contents in General

 Computer Hardware
 Computer software
 Application programs
Word processing
Presentation
Spreadsheets
 Data & information management
 Computer networking
 Applications of networking: Internet, Intranet

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 Subject Content in Details
1.0 The Information Technology
        Basic Information Technology Concepts 4.0 Data Security
Computer History   Importance of Backup
Basic Components of Computer System The Computer Virus Crisis
    How a Computer System Works
  
 5.0 Computer and Network
2.0 Function of Major Computer Hardware
Computer Configuration and Classification Local Area Network (LAN)
Central Processing Unit Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Input-Output Devices and Peripherals Wide Area Network (WAN)
Secondary Storage LAN Components, Topologies and Types
Transmission Media
3.0 Basic Uses of Application S/ware & OS
Operating System and Its Functions     
Disk Operating System (DOS) Primer    
High and Low Level Languages
Assembler, Compiler and Interpreter
WINDOWS.

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 Quiz 20%

Presentation 20%

Mid Term 20%

Final Exam 40%

Total = 100%

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What Is A Computer?

A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions (software)
stored in its own memory unit, that can accept
data (input), manipulate data (process), and
produce information (output) from the
processing. Generally, the term is used to
describe a collection of devices that function
together as a system.

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Devices that comprise a computer system

Monitor
Speaker
(output)
(output) System unit
(processor, memory…)

Printer
(output)

Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy,
Hard disk, zip,…)
Mouse
(input)
Scanner
Keyboard
(input)
(input)

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What Does A Computer Do?

Computers can perform four general operations,

which comprise the information processing cycle.

 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage

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Data and Information

 All computer processing requires data, which is a collection of raw

facts, figures and symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video
and sound, given to the computer during the input phase.
 Computers manipulate data to create information. Information is
data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.
 During the output Phase, the information that has been created is
put into some form, such as a printed report.
 The information can also be put in computer storage for future use.

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Why Is A Computer So Powerful?

 The ability to perform the information

processing cycle with amazing speed.
 Reliability (low failure rate).
 Accuracy.
 Ability to store huge amounts of data and
information.
 Ability to communicate with other computers.

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How Does a Computer Know what to
do?

 It must be given a detailed list of instructions,

called a compute program or software, that
tells it exactly what to do.
 Before processing a specific job, the computer
program corresponding to that job must be
stored in memory.
 Once the program is stored in memory the
compute can start the operation by executing
the program instructions one after the other.

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What Are The Primary Components Of A
Computer ?

 Input devices.
 Central Processing Unit
(containing the control
unit and the
arithmetic/logic unit).
 Memory.
 Output devices.
 Storage devices.

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Input Devices

Keyboard.
Mouse.

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 The Keyboard

The most commonly used input device is the

keyboard on which data is entered by manually
keying in or typing certain keys. A keyboard
typically has 101 or 105 keys.

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 The Mouse
Is a pointing device which is used to control the
movement of a mouse pointer on the screen to
make selections from the screen. A mouse has
one to five buttons. The bottom of the mouse is
flat and contains a mechanism that detects
movement of the mouse.

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The Central processing Unit
The central processing unit (CPU) contains
electronic circuits that cause processing to occur.
The CPU interprets instructions to the computer,
performs the logical and arithmetic processing
operations, and causes the input and output
operations to occur. It is considered the “brain” of
the computer.

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 Memory
Memory also called Random Access Memory or
RAM (temporary memory) is the main memory of
the computer. It consists of electronic
components that store data including numbers,
letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Any
information stored in RAM is lost when the
computer is turned off.

Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that is

etched on a chip that has start-up directions for
your computer. It is permanent memory.

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Amount Of RAM In Computers

The amount of memory in computers is typically

measured in kilobytes or megabytes. One kilobyte (K or
KB) equals approximately 1,000 memory locations and
one megabyte (M or MB) equals approximately one
million locations A memory location, or byte, usually
stores one character.
Therefore, a computer with 8 MB of memory can store
approximately 8 million characters. One megabyte can
hold approximately 500 pages of text information.

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Output Devices
Output devices make the information resulting
from the processing available for use. The two
output devices more commonly used are the
printer and the computer screen.

The printer produces a hard copy of your output,

and the computer screen produces a soft copy of
your output.

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 Storage Devices

Auxiliary storage devices are used to store data

when they are not being used in memory. The
most common types of auxiliary storage used on
personal computers are floppy disks, hard disks
and CD-ROM drives.

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 Floppy Disks

A floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive storage

medium that consists of a thin, circular, flexible
plastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in a
square-shaped plastic shell.

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Thank you

Important quote

 Have desire to learn marks is important but

without knowledge it makes no sense.

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