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    Biomolecules: Molecules of Life

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    Eric Mabesa
    Here is a diagram showing the energy transfers that occur in the life cycle of a monosaccharide: [DIAGRAM OF ENERGY TRANSFERS] The sun provides light energy which plants capture through photosynthesis and use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (chemical energy). Herbivores eat plants and obtain chemical energy by digesting the glucose. Carnivores obtain energy by eating herbivores. All organisms use the chemical energy in glucose for cellular respiration to power biological processes (mechanical energy). The energy is eventually lost as heat (thermal energy).

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    Biomolecules: Molecules of Life

    Uploaded by

    Eric Mabesa
    68 views32 pages
    Here is a diagram showing the energy transfers that occur in the life cycle of a monosaccharide: [DIAGRAM OF ENERGY TRANSFERS] The sun provides light energy which plants capture through photosynthesis and use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (chemical energy). Herbivores eat plants and obtain chemical energy by digesting the glucose. Carnivores obtain energy by eating herbivores. All organisms use the chemical energy in glucose for cellular respiration to power biological processes (mechanical energy). The energy is eventually lost as heat (thermal energy).

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    Biomolecules g10 Now

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    Here is a diagram showing the energy transfers that occur in the life cycle of a monosaccharide: [DIAGRAM OF ENERGY TRANSFERS] The sun provides light energy which plants capture through photosynthesis and use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (chemical energy). Herbivores eat plants and obtain chemical energy by digesting the glucose. Carnivores obtain energy by eating herbivores. All organisms use the chemical energy in glucose for cellular respiration to power biological processes (mechanical energy). The energy is eventually lost as heat (thermal energy).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    68 views32 pages

    Biomolecules: Molecules of Life

    Uploaded by

    Eric Mabesa
    Here is a diagram showing the energy transfers that occur in the life cycle of a monosaccharide: [DIAGRAM OF ENERGY TRANSFERS] The sun provides light energy which plants capture through photosynthesis and use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (chemical energy). Herbivores eat plants and obtain chemical energy by digesting the glucose. Carnivores obtain energy by eating herbivores. All organisms use the chemical energy in glucose for cellular respiration to power biological processes (mechanical energy). The energy is eventually lost as heat (thermal energy).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    BIOMOLECULES

    Molecules of Life
    What is a Biomolecule?
     Any Molecule that is
    created by a living
    organism

    made of
     
    All of our food is
                       

    biomolecules
    Three Basic Types
     Carbohydrates –

     
    Three types
     Proteins- Infinite
    variety
                                         
     Fats- Two basic
    types
    Carbohydrates
     Made of Carbon,
    Hydrogen, and
    Oxygen
     Identifiers
     Hydrogen:Oxygen
    ratio is 2:1
     Basic Form is a ring
    Three Basic Types of
    Carbohydrates
     Monosaccharide-
    Simple Sugar
     Example: Glucose
     Single Carbon Ring –
    C6H12O6
     Test: Benedicts
     Ready to be used by
    body. No digestion
    required.
    Building a monosaccharide
     Look in the text book at a picture of a
    glucose molecule.(page 37)
     Use your text to help you draw a
    picture of your model
    Three Basic Types of
    Carbohydrates
     Disaccharide-
    Complex sugars
     Example: Sucrose
     Two Carbon Rings-
    2(C6H12O6)
     Test: Benedicts
     Digested with
    pancreatic enzymes
    in small intestine in
    duodenum
    Building a disaccharide
     Look in the book. What type of
    reaction occurs when two
    monosaccharides are joined together?
    (page 38)
     What type of molecule is released?
     Draw a picture of a disaccharide
    Three Basic Types of
    Carbohydrates
     Polysaccharides:
    Starches
     Example: Pasta, rice,
    bread, potatoes
     Three or more
    carbon rings(usually
    over 100)
     Test: Lugols
     Digested with saliva
    and pancreatic
    enzymes
    Three Basic Types of
    Carbohydrates
     All are created by
    plants through
      process of
                                      

    photosynthesis
     Uses- Food source
    for all animals
    Proteins
     Made of Carbon,
    Hydrogen, Oxygen, also
    contain Nitrogen
     Identifier: NH2 and
    COOH functional groups
     Infinite Variety-
     Made from combinations
    of 20 different amino
    acids
    Proteins
     Test- Ninhydrin, and
    Buirets
     Origin – Protein


    Synthesis
     
                       
    Uses – Forms tissue
    of all plants and
    animals
    Proteins
     Provides amino acids
    for our body to carry
    out protein synthesis
     Digestion- Begins in
    stomach with HCl,
    completed in small
    intestine with
    pancreatic enzymes
    From the textbook
     Look up amino acids and proteins (page
    42-43)
     What type of reaction occurs when two
    amino acids combine to form a di-
    peptide (protein)?
     How is this similar to the formation of a
    disaccharide?
    Fats – Two Types
     Made of Carbon,
    Hydrogen and
    Oxygen
     Identifier-
    Hydrogen/oxgen
    ratio is greater than
    2:1
     Test- Brown paper
    bag – see oily spot
    Fats – Two Types
     Saturated
     Example: Butter
     All Carbon bonds are
    single (saturated
    with hydrogen)
     Test- Solid at room
    temperature
    Fats – Two Types
     Unsaturated
     Example: olive oil,
    canola oil
     Some carbon bonds
    are double (not
    saturated with
    hydrogen)
     Test- Liquid at room
    temperature
    Fats – Two Types
     Origin- Built by liver
    from excess glucose
    for long term
    storage
     Glycerol molecule
    bonds with 3 fatty
    acids
    Fats – Two Types
     Uses:
     Store energy
     Insulation
     Lubrication
     Cell membrane
     Broken down with bile in small
    intestine, then digested by pancreatic
    enzymes
    STOP HERE
    Look at the models of Fatty
    acids?

     What do you notice about the stability of


    the two molecules?

     From your observations, why are


    unsaturated fats liquid at room
    temperature?
    Mystery Food
     You are a forensic scientist who has
    discovered a mystery food product at
    the scene of a crime.
     You take it back to the laboratory to
    determine what it is made from.
     Use the information in your notes to
    design an experiment to determine
    which biomolecules are present
    Mystery Food
     Note the directions with each
    experiment.
     How will you determine how to
    interpret the results?
     We will be writing a WASL style
    application write-up
    CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
     Challenge: What biomolecules are in the
    unknown?
     Rules: What are Biomolecules? What are the
    chemical differences between them? Write
    this information from your notes.
     Gather information: What tests can be used
    to identify each type of biomolecule? Write
    this from your notes.
     Safety: Eye protection when using hotplate
    CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
     Explore ideas: Try each indicator with each of
    the various known biomolecules to see what
    they look like. Follow Directions for each
    indicator.
     Make a data table to record your data
    Data Table
    Record color/observations with:
    Benedicts Fehlings Lugols Ninhydrin Buirets Brn pap.

    Glucose

    Sucrose

    Starch

    Gelatin

    MSG
    Now determine the Unknown
     Plan Summary: Describe how you will determine
    the unknown?
     Provide step by step description of your

    experiment
     List all materials you will need to solve the

    problem
     Check off ___Have someone read your

    application to be sure it is complete


    CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
     Test Solution: Carry out your tests. What will
    you do for repetition?
     Test Results: Set up a data table to record all
    reaction results with the unknown
     Description of Actual Results: Describe the
    color reactions you got on the mystery powder
    with each test. How do they compare with the
    results with the known biomolecules?
    CSI: Mystery Powder to Trace
     Conclusion: What will you report to the
    D.A. about the mystery powder? What
    information will you use to be
    persuasive?
    CSI: Mysery Powder to Trace
     What is one feature of your test that
    gives you confidence in your results?
     What is another feature of your test
    that makes you unsure of your results?
    Understanding Biomolecules
     Biomolecules contain energy we need to live!
     Make a diagram that shows the energy transfers
    that occur in the life of a monosaccharide: Begin
    with the sun.
     Show both where energy is transferred, and what types
    of energy transfers are involved. Remember there are
    light, thermal, chemical, and mechanical energy
    transfers.

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