Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Cauliflower Leaf Meal On The Performance of Broilers

ORW Seminar
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Cauliflower Leaf Meal

on the Performance of Broilers
Presented by Major advisor

Dr. Theerthesh M Dr. S. K. Saha
M-6197 Principal Scientist
Poultry market
Shortage and
predicted to grow
at 14.2% CAGR low-quality feed
High maize and

Introduction: soya prize
Vegetable waste
Popular winter vegetable
Production- 78,87,000 MT
Cauliflower
and its leaf Cauliflower has high waste index
waste
Leafy waste is abundantly available in vegetable
market
Rich source of phytochemicals

Good source of carotene: 43.11 mg/100g, iron:
60.38 mg, copper: 1.55 mg, manganese: 5.86
Nutritional mg, and zinc: 5.10 mg (Wani et al., 2018)
Composition
Vitamins, carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids,
and Bioactive minerals, and glucosinolates are responsible for
Compounds: their good health qualities (Aires et al., 2011,
Podsedek et al., 2005)
Vitamins C is present in substantial amount,

441.7mg/100g (Bhandari et al., 2015)
Objectives:
i. To study the effect of feeding graded levels of cauliflower leaf meal on

production performance and nutrient utilization of broilers.
ii. To study the effect of feeding graded levels of cauliflower leaf meal on
haematology, blood biochemical profile, antioxidant status, immunity and
carcass quality of broilers.
Review of literature
Proximate Composition of Cauliflower Leaves
Sl Ingredient DM CP EE ASH CF References

no (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
1 Dried CLP 97.6 26.54 2.62 - - Wani et al.,2018
2 Cauliflower 11.64 20.63 1.38 6.56 - Raza et al,.

leaves (fresh) 2019
3 Cauliflower - 23.65 3.73 12.54 9.23 Gupta et al.,

leaves(DM) 1988
4 Dried CLP 87.5 17.67 1.76 15.32 8.2 Mogra et al.,

2012
Effect on Feed Intake, Digestibility of Nutrients and Performance
Feed Species Major findings References

Cauliflower LPC Rats Goel et al., 1977
Body weight gain
(1 and 2%)
PER
Cauliflower leaf Rats Shukla et al., 1978

powder PER
(1 and 5%)
Growth
Feed Species Major finding References
Cabbage leaf residues Broilers No negative effect on feed intake Mustafa et al., 2017
(0, 3, 6 and 9%) and growth performance
Nutrient digestibility
Cauliflower leaf powder Rabbits No negative effect in growth Perna et al., 2019
(30%) performance measures when
compared to control.
Effect on blood biochemical profile and antioxidant status of broiler birds
Mixed vegetable waste Broiler Raza et al., 2019

Antioxidant status of
(Alfalfa, Cauliflower and
Spinach) meat
(At 25, 50, 75, 100%) No significant change in
blood biochemical profile.
Cauliflower and Rat Amany et al., 2013

Broccoli ALT, AST
(5%)
Serum total
lipid, total
cholesterol,
LDL and
VLDL
Effect on immunity

Mixed vegetable Broiler No negative effect on Raza et al., 2019
waste (alfalfa, immunity.
cauliflower and
spinach)
Plant flavonoids Broiler Boosts humoral Kamboh et al., 2016

(genistein) immunity
Gut health
Leaf meals Broiler Sugiharto et al., 2019
(comparative study) Immunity
Effect on carcass quality

Mixed vegetable Broiler Raza et al., 2019
waste (alfalfa, Oxidative stability
cauliflower and
spinach at 25, 50, 75 Meat mineral content
and 100%)
Cauliflower leaf Rabbit Oxidative stability Perna et al., 2019

powder (30%)
Drip loss and cooking loss
Cauliflower leaf Broiler No off-flavour. Livingston et al.,

powder (6.5 and 10%) Meat is sufficiently tender. 1972
Gaps in Knowledge
Inspite of Cauliflower having high waste index, studies regarding its

inclusion in broiler diet is limited.
Cauliflower leaves are rich in phytochemicals, possibility of its use

as a functional feedstuff is to be explored.
Technical Programme:
Place of Study • Location: Feeding cum growth trial will be
carried out at Avian Nutrition and Feed
Technology, ICAR-CARI
&
All the analysis part will be carried out at
UF Lab., AN Division, IVRI
• Duration of trial - 42 days

Breed of Chicken: CARIBRO VISHAL (White Broiler)
Production Characteristics
Body weight at day old 40-43g
Body weight at 6 weeks 1750 to 1800g
Body weight at 7 weeks 2000 to 2150
Dressing percentage 75-80
Livability percentage 97-98
Feed conversion ratio at 6 weeks 1.70
Special Features:
•Superior growth rate
•High disease resistance
•Excellent feed conversion
•Low production cost
•Suitable to Indian climatic and managemental conditions
(www.cari.icar.gov.in)
Experimental Design:
240 Birds
T1(40) T2(40) T3(40) T4(40) T5(40) T6(40)

5R X 8B 5R X 8B 5R X 8B 5R X 8B 5R X 8B 5R X 8B
Control diet 5% CLM 7.5% CLM 10% CLM 12.5% CLM 15% CLM
R=Replicate, B=Birds, CLM=Cauliflower leaf meal

Ingredients Pre-starter Starter finisher
Maize 61.2 63.3 67.1
SBM 31.4 28.3 23.5
FM 5 5 5
Composition of Oil 1.5 2.5 3.5
Control Diet Salt 0.5 0.5 0.5
Trace min and vit 0.3 0.3 0.3
Toxin binder 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total 100 100 100
CP* 23.2 22.07 20.02
ME* 3088.6 3186.2 3289.3

Analysis of Cauliflower Leaf Meal for its Chemical Composition:
Proximate analysis
DM CP CF EE TA NFE
 Van-Soest (NDF and ADF)

 Mineral (Calcium, Phosphorus and Sulphur)
 Glucosinolate
 Total phenolic compounds
Experimental Plan
To study the effect of feeding graded
levels of cauliflower leaf meal on
production performance and nutrient
Objective -1: utilization of broilers.
Weekly and phase wise body weight gain
Weekly and phase wise feed intake
A) Feed intake, nutrient

digestibility , utilization
Weekly and phase wise feed conversion ratio
and body wt. gain (0-6 (FCR)
weeks):
Mortality
Metabolic trial
B) Economics:
The economics will be calculated for rearing the birds of

different experimental groups.
Objective 2:
To study the effect of feeding graded levels of cauliflower leaf meal on
haematology, blood biochemical profile, antioxidant status, immunity
and carcass quality of broilers.
A. Haematology
Complete blood count
Haemoglobin
PCV
Total protein and cholesterol
Albumin
Globulin
B. Blood
Biochemical Albumin globulin ratio
Profile: Serum enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT)
Kidney function test (Serum creatinine and Uric acid)
Serum minerals (calcium, phosphorus)
Hormonal assay (T3, T4 and TSH)

• Humoral immune
response
• Cell mediated immunity
C. Immune
Status • IL6 gene expression
• Superoxide dismutase
• Glutathione peroxidase
D. Antioxidant • Catalase
Status
E. Carcass and Meat Quality Traits
• Dressing percentage
• pH
• Drip loss
• Extract release volume (ERV)
• Water holding capacity (WHC)
• Yield of wholesome cuts
• Organ weight (heart, liver and gizzard)
• Lipid oxidation parameters-TBARS
• Proximate composition of meat samples
• Sensory evaluation of meat
• Total phenolic content of meat
Statistical Analysis:
 Data generated from the study will be analysed as per the standard statistical
procedures of Snedechor and Cochran (1994) using SPSS (version 25.0)
software.
Thank
you

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ORW Seminar

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Cauliflower Leaf Meal

Presented by Major advisor

High maize and

Rich source of phytochemicals

Vitamins C is present in substantial amount,

i. To study the effect of feeding graded levels of cauliflower leaf meal on

Sl Ingredient DM CP EE ASH CF References

1 Dried CLP 97.6 26.54 2.62 - - Wani et al.,2018

2 Cauliflower 11.64 20.63 1.38 6.56 - Raza et al,.

3 Cauliflower - 23.65 3.73 12.54 9.23 Gupta et al.,

4 Dried CLP 87.5 17.67 1.76 15.32 8.2 Mogra et al.,

Feed Species Major findings References

Cauliflower leaf Rats Shukla et al., 1978

Feed Species Major findings References

Mixed vegetable waste Broiler Raza et al., 2019

Cauliflower and Rat Amany et al., 2013

Feed Species Major findings References

Plant flavonoids Broiler Boosts humoral Kamboh et al., 2016

Feed Species Major findings References

Cauliflower leaf Rabbit Oxidative stability Perna et al., 2019

Cauliflower leaf Broiler No off-flavour. Livingston et al.,

Inspite of Cauliflower having high waste index, studies regarding its

Cauliflower leaves are rich in phytochemicals, possibility of its use

• Duration of trial - 42 days

T1(40) T2(40) T3(40) T4(40) T5(40) T6(40)

R=Replicate, B=Birds, CLM=Cauliflower leaf meal

Maize 61.2 63.3 67.1

SBM 31.4 28.3 23.5

Composition of Oil 1.5 2.5 3.5

Control Diet Salt 0.5 0.5 0.5

Trace min and vit 0.3 0.3 0.3

Toxin binder 0.1 0.1 0.1

Total 100 100 100

CP* 23.2 22.07 20.02

ME* 3088.6 3186.2 3289.3

 Van-Soest (NDF and ADF)

Weekly and phase wise feed intake

A) Feed intake, nutrient

The economics will be calculated for rearing the birds of

Profile: Serum enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT)

Kidney function test (Serum creatinine and Uric acid)

Serum minerals (calcium, phosphorus)

Hormonal assay (T3, T4 and TSH)

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