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Two-Way Analysis of Variance

The document discusses two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is used to estimate how the mean of a quantitative variable changes according to levels of two categorical variables. It provides an example using fertilizer type and planting density as the categorical variables and crop yield as the quantitative variable. It also outlines the three null hypotheses tested by two-way ANOVA and how to interpret the p-value.

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Edd Villamor
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27 views10 pages

Two-Way Analysis of Variance

The document discusses two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is used to estimate how the mean of a quantitative variable changes according to levels of two categorical variables. It provides an example using fertilizer type and planting density as the categorical variables and crop yield as the quantitative variable. It also outlines the three null hypotheses tested by two-way ANOVA and how to interpret the p-value.

Uploaded by

Edd Villamor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TWO-WAY ANALYSIS OF

VARIANCE
Mr. Edd Villamor
WHAT IS TWO-WAY ANOVA?

• used to estimate how the mean of a quantitative


variable changes according to the levels of two categorical
variables.
• Use a two-way ANOVA when you want to know how two
independent variables, in combination, affect a dependent
variable.
EXAMPLE:

• You are researching which type of fertilizer and planting


density produces the greatest crop yield in a field
experiment. You assign different plots in a field to a
combination of fertilizer type (1, 2, or 3) and planting
density (1=low density, 2=high density), and measure the
final crop yield in bushels per acre at harvest time.
(Categorical/Independent Variables)
Fertilizer Type x Planting Density

A, B, C Low density
High density

Crop Yield
(Numerical/Dependent Variable)
A TWO-WAY ANOVA WITH INTERACTION TESTS
THREE NULL HYPOTHESES AT THE SAME TIME:

• There is no difference in group means at any level of the first


independent variable.
• There is no difference in group means at any level of the second
independent variable.
• The effect of one independent variable does not depend on the effect
of the other independent variable (a.k.a. no interaction effect).
Null hypothesis (H0) Alternate hypothesis (Ha)
There is no difference in average yield There is a difference in average yield by fertilizer
for any fertilizer type. type.

There is no difference in average yield at either There is a difference in average yield by planting
planting density. density.

The effect of one independent variable on average There is an interaction effect between planting
yield does not depend on the effect of the other density and fertilizer type on average yield.
independent variable (a.k.a. no interaction effect).
HOW TO INTERPRET THE P-VALUE
Do not accept the null hypothesis if the P-value is less than the α (<0.05).
(The independent variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable)

Accept the null hypothesis if the P-value is greater than the α (>0.05).
(The independent variable has no significant effect on the dependent variable)
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE TWO-WAY ANOVA
1.Homogeneity of variance (a.k.a. homoscedasticity)

The variation around the mean for each group being compared should be
similar among all groups. If your data don’t meet this assumption, you may be
able to use a non-parametric alternative, like the Kruskal-Wallis test.
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE TWO-WAY ANOVA
2. Independence of observations

Your independent variables should not be dependent on one another (i.e. one
should not cause the other). This is impossible to test with categorical
variables – it can only be ensured by good experimental design.
In addition, your dependent variable should represent unique observations –
that is, your observations should not be grouped within locations or
individuals.
If your data don’t meet this assumption (i.e. if you set up experimental
treatments within blocks), you can include a blocking variable and/or use a
repeated-measures ANOVA.
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE TWO-WAY ANOVA
3.Normally-distributed dependent variable

The values of the dependent variable should follow a bell curve. If your data
don’t meet this assumption, you can try a data transformation.

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