Course : PROGRAMMING IN C

TOPIC: Conditional Statements in C

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1
 Conditional statements in C
C conditional statements allow you to make a decision, based
upon the result of a condition. These statements are
called Decision Making Statements or Conditional Statements.

Conditional Statements in C

 If statement
 if statement
 if-else statement
 Nested if-else statement
 goto statement
 switch statement
 Conditional Operator

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 If Statement
“If statement” in C is used to control the program flow based on
some condition, it's used to execute some statement code block if
the expression is evaluated to true. Otherwise, it will get skipped.
This is the simplest way to modify the control flow of the program.
Syntax

if(test_expre
ssion)
{
statement
1;
statement
2;
...
}
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 Example: if Statement

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a = 15, b =
20;
if (b > a)
{  
printf("b is
greater");
}
}

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 If-else Statement

Syntax

if(test_expressio
n)
{
//execute your
code
}
else
{
//execute your
code
}
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 If-else Statement
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a, b;
printf("Please enter the
value for a:");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("\nPlease the value
for b:"); scanf("%d", &b);
if (a > b)
{  
printf("\n a is
greater");
}
else
{  
printf("\n b is
greater");
UNIT-II Conditional Statements in C
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 If-else-if Statement

Syntax

if(test_expression)
{
//execute your code
}
else if(test_expression
n)
{
//execute your code
}
else
{
//execute your code
}

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 #include<stdio.h> If-else-if Statement
main()
{
int a, b;
printf("Please enter the value
for a:");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("\nPlease enter the
value for b:");
scanf("%d", &b);
if (a > b)
{
printf("\n a is greater than
b");
}
else if (b > a)
{
printf("\n b is greater than
a");
}
else
{ W3schools.in, Tutorialspoint.com
UNIT-II
printf("\nConditional Statements in C
Both are equal"); Geeksforgeeks.org, codeforwin.org
 Nested if-else Statement

Syntax

if(test_expression 1)
{
if(test_expression 2)
{
//Statement block Executes
// when the boolean test
expression
// two is true.
}
}
else { //else statement block }

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 Example: Nested if-else Statement

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 Exercise on if-else statements
1. Write a C program to input any character and check whether it is alphabet,
digit or special character.
2. Write a C program to check whether a character is uppercase or
lowercase alphabet.
3. Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd.
4. Write a C program to check whether a year is leap year or not.
5. Write a C program to find all roots of a quadratic equation.
6. Write a C program to calculate profit or loss.
7. Write a C program to input marks of five subjects Physics, Chemistry,
Biology, Mathematics and Computer. Calculate percentage and grade
according to following:
Percentage >= 90% : Grade A
Percentage >= 80% : Grade B
Percentage >= 70% : Grade C
Percentage >= 60% : Grade D
Percentage >= 40% : Grade E
Percentage < 40% : Grade F

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to input any character and check whether it is alphabet, digit or
special character.

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to check whether a character is uppercase or lowercase
alphabet.

You can also use inbuilt library

function isupper() and islower()t
o check uppercase and lowercase
alphabets respectively.

These functions are present

in ctype.h header file. Both function
returns 1.

if given character is uppercase or

lowercase respectively otherwise
returns 0.

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to find all roots of a quadratic equation.

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to find all roots of a quadratic equation.

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to input marks of five subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
Mathematics and Computer. Calculate percentage and grade

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to input marks of five subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology,
Mathematics and Computer. Calculate percentage and grade

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 Exercise on if-else statements
Write a C program to check whether a year is leap year or not

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 goto Statement
C supports a unique form of a statement that is the goto Statement which is
used to branch unconditionally within a program from one point to another. 
Although it is not a good habit to use the goto statement in C, there may be
some situations where the use of the goto statement might be desirable.

The goto statement is used by programmers to change the sequence of

execution of a C program by shifting the control to a different part of the same
program
Syntax

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 Example: goto Statement

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int age;
g:
//label name
printf("you are Eligible\n");
s:
//label name
printf("you are not Eligible");
printf("Enter you age:");
scanf("%d", &age);
if(age>=18)
goto g; //goto
label g
else
goto s; //goto
label s
getch(); W3schools.in, Tutorialspoint.com
UNIT-II Conditional
} Statements in C Geeksforgeeks.org, codeforwin.org
 switch Statement

Syntax

switch(variable)
{
case 1:
//execute
your code
break;
……….
case n:
//execute
your code
break;
default:
//execute
your code
}
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 switch Statement
A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of
values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked
for each switch case.

The following rules apply to a switch statement 

 The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or
enumerated type.
 You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is
followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.
 The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the
variable in the switch.
 When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements
following that case will execute until a break statement is reached.
 When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of
control jumps to the next line following the switch statement.
 A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at
the end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when
none of the cases is true. 

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 Example: switch Statement

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 Disadvantages of switch Statement

Disadvantages of switch statements
 float constant cannot be used in the switch as
well as in the case.
 You can not use the variable expression in case.
 You cannot use the same constant in two
different cases.
 We cannot use the relational expression in case.

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 Exercise: switch Statement
1. Write a C program to print day of week name using switch case.
2. Write a C program print total number of days in a month using switch
case.
3. Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd using
switch case.
4. Write a C program to check whether an alphabet is vowel or
consonant using switch case.
5. Write a C program to find roots of a quadratic equation using switch
case.
6. Write a C program to create Simple Calculator using switch case.

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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to print day of week name using switch case.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int week; /* Input week number from user */
printf("Enter week number(1-7): ");
scanf("%d", &week);
switch(week)
{
case 1:
printf("Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
printf("Wednesday");
break;

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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to print day of week name using switch case.
case 4:
printf("Thursday");
break;
case 5:
printf("Friday");
break;
case 6:
printf("Saturday");
break;
case 7:
printf("Sunday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid input! Please enter week number between
1-7.");
} // End of Switch Statement
getch();
} // End of Program (main Function)
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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to check whether an alphabet is vowel or consonant using switch case.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch; // Input an alphabet from user
printf("Enter any alphabet: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u': printf("Vowel");
break;

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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to check whether an alphabet is vowel or consonant using switch case.

case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U': printf("Vowel");
break;
default: printf("Consonant");
} // End of Switch
getch();
} // End of program

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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd using switch case.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num; // Input a number from user
printf("Enter any number to check even or odd: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
switch(num % 2) // If n%2 == 0
{
case 0: printf("Number is Even");
break;
case 1: printf("Number is Odd");
break;
} //End of Switch
getch();
} // End of program
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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to create Simple Calculator using switch case.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char op;
float num1, num2, result=0.0f;
printf("WELCOME TO SIMPLE CALCULATOR\n");
printf("----------------------------\n");
printf("Enter [number 1] [+ - * /] [number 2]\n");
scanf("%f %c %f", &num1, &op, &num2);
switch(op)
{
case '+': result = num1 + num2;
break;
case '-': result = num1 - num2;
break;

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 Exercise: switch Statement
Write a C program to create Simple Calculator using switch case.

case '*': result = num1 * num2;

break;
case '/': result = num1 / num2;
break;
default: printf("Invalid operator");
}
// Prints the result
printf("%.2f %c %.2f = %.2f", num1, op, num2, result);
getch();
}

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 Exercise: Find the output
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{ char ch='c'; int a=8, b=7, c=0, d;
switch(ch) {
default: printf("all the values entered are wrong");
case 'a': d=a||b?c&&b?40:60:30;
printf("\n value of d is::%d",d);
case 'b': if( printf(""))
printf("hello world");
else
printf("bye");
case 'c': break;
}

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 THANK YOU

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