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Deliverability Test

This document discusses several types of deliverability tests used to characterize gas well performance: 1) Flow-After-Flow tests measure stabilized flow rates over time but require long stabilization periods. 2) Isochronal tests measure transient flow rates over equal time intervals and a stabilized point, applicable to homogeneous or fractured reservoirs. 3) Modified Isochronal tests are similar but with transient shut-in periods, addressing long shut-in times of traditional Isochronal tests.

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wahyu hidayat
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
132 views14 pages

Deliverability Test

This document discusses several types of deliverability tests used to characterize gas well performance: 1) Flow-After-Flow tests measure stabilized flow rates over time but require long stabilization periods. 2) Isochronal tests measure transient flow rates over equal time intervals and a stabilized point, applicable to homogeneous or fractured reservoirs. 3) Modified Isochronal tests are similar but with transient shut-in periods, addressing long shut-in times of traditional Isochronal tests.

Uploaded by

wahyu hidayat
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Deliverability Test

Sejarah Deliverability Test


• Awalnya test ini dilakukan dengan membuka
sumur secara penuh, model ini selain terlalu
banyak gas yang terbuang juga sangat
dipengaruhi oleh ukuran sumur dan tubing
• Pierce & Rawlins 1929 mengusulkan
conventional back pressure test yaitu
mengalirkan sumur dengan beberapa laju alir
kemudian diikuti sebuah stabilization rate
• Plot (Pr2-Pwf2) vs qg pada logaritmik scale
Sejarah Deliverability Test
• Cullender 1955 memodifikasi metode
diatas dengan pertimbangan pada
reservoir permeabilitas rendah kondisi laju
alir yang stabil akan memerlukan waktu
yang lama
These tests can be
classified into three general groups;
• tests which utilize either all stabilized :
Flow-After-Flow and Single Point tests.
• a combination of stabilized and transient :
Isochronal and Modified Isochronal tests
utilize a combination of transient
isochronal and stabilized extended flow
data
• or all transient deliverability data : Multiple
Modifled Isochronal test
Flow-After-Flow Test
• The Flow-After-Flow test was developed from
the results of research performed by Pierce and
Rawlins2 and later published by Rawlins and
Schellhard
• This test consists of producing a well at a series
of stabilized flow rates and corresponding
stabilized flowing sandface pressures
• The requirement that the flowing and shut-in
periods of this test be continued to stabilization
is a major limitation of the test.
• The Flow-After-Flow test was developed
empirically and incorporates the basic
assumption that the radius of investigation for
each flow period has reached the effective
drainage radius of the well and that stabilized
flow conditions exist
• For a slow-in-stabilizing natural gas well, the
time required for both flowing and shut-in
stabilization can be prohibitively long.
• For naturally fractured reservoirs, the Flow-After-
Flow test is applicable after the reservoir has
bean to exhibit matrix pseudo steady-state flow.
• Deliverability data obtained with the Flow-After-
Flow test at shorter times are not applicable and
will provide incorrect estimates of the stabilized
AOF potential.‘
• For reservoirs which have been vertically
fractured to improve their productivity, the Flow-
After-Flow test can be used to determine the
stabilized deliverability behavior of the well only
after the well has begun to exhibit pseudo radial
flow
Single Point Test
• This type of test involves producing the well at a single
flow rate to sand face pressure stabilization, and
requires the prior knowledge or assumption of the
deliverability behavior of the well
• The Single Point test has the same limits of applicability
as the Flow-After-Flow test.
• The Single Point test is applicable to homogeneous
reservoirs, for wells completed in dual porosity reservoirs
which exhibit matrix pseudo steady-state flow, and for
wells completed in reservoirs which have been vertically
fractured and exhibit pseudo radial flow.
Isochronal Test
• The Isochronal test was introduced by
cullender7 in 1955 to adequately characterize
the deliverability performance of gas wells.
• The Isochronal test consists of producing the
well at several different flow rates with flowing
periods of equal duration.
• The shut-in periods separating each of the
flowing periods are continued until the shut-in
sandface pressures are stabilized at the average
prevailing reservoir pressure.
• The Isochronal test also requires that a
stabilized extended flow point be obtained.
• The basic principles governing the Isochronal test are
found in pressure transient testing theory. The principle
governing isochronal flow testing is that the effective
radius of investigation in a reservoir is function of the
duration of the flow period and not of the flow rate. This
means that each isochronal flow period in an isochronal
test will effect the same radius of investigation into the
reservoir. A series of different isochronal flow rates
should therefore exhibit a logarithmic-linear behavior,
where the deliverability lines obtained with this test will
have the same slope as that of the Flow-After-Flow test
• The Isochronal test has the same limitations of
applicability for the different types of reservoirs
as the
• Flow-After-Flow and Single Point tests. The
Isochronal test is applicable to homogeneous
reservoirs, to wells completed in dual porosity
reservoirs which exhibit matrix pseudo steady-
state flow, and to wells which have been
vertically fractured and exhibit pseudo radial
flow.
Modified Isochronal Test
• A modification of the Isochronal test was
• introduced in 1959 which yields reliable isochronal
• performance res~lts.~ The Modified Isochronal test is
• identical to the Isochronal test except that the shut-in
• periods separating the isochronal flow periods are
ofequal duration as the flowing periods, rather than be of
• sufficient duration to permit the shut-in sandface
• pressures to stabilize at the average prevailing reservoir
• pressure (which is required of the Isochronal test).
• The
• actual shut-in sandface pressures, recorded immediately
• prior to opening the well to flow for each of the
• isochronal flow periods, are used in the analyses instead
• of the average reservoir pressure. A stabilized extended
• flow point is also required for the Modified Isochronal
• test (same as in the Isochronal test) for which the well
• is produced at a single flow rate (also orifice plate or
• choke size with smoothly changing flow rates) to flow
• rate and flowing sandface pressure stabilization
Multiple Modified Isochronal
Test
• The Multiple Modified Isochronal test consists of
a set
• of several Modified Isochronal tests for which the
• stabilized extended flow data are not required.
Brar and
• Aziz9 first proposed two analysis techniques for
• utilizing transient isochronal deliverability data of
this
• type

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