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OS CO1 Session 01 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware, with goals of executing user programs, making the computer convenient to use, and using hardware efficiently. It describes the components of a computer system as hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. Finally, it notes that while definitions of operating systems vary, the kernel is considered the one program always running on the computer.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views18 pages

OS CO1 Session 01 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware, with goals of executing user programs, making the computer convenient to use, and using hardware efficiently. It describes the components of a computer system as hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. Finally, it notes that while definitions of operating systems vary, the kernel is considered the one program always running on the computer.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating Systems

Introduction

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science


Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation
(Deemed to be University)
Green fields, Vaddeswaram, AP-522502, India

Session : 1
Introduction
• Syllabus
• Objectives
• What Does the Term Operating System Mean?
• What is an Operating System?
• Computer System Structure
• Abstract View of Components of Computer
• What Operating Systems Do
• Defining Operating Systems
• Operating System Definition
13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 2
Syllabus
• CO1: What Operating Systems Do, Computer-System
Organization, Computer- System Architecture, Operating-
System operations, Resource Management, Security and
Protection, Virtualization, Distributed Systems, Kernel Data
Structures, Computing Environments, Free and Open-
Source Operating systems, Operating-System Services,
User and Operating-System Interface, System Calls, System
Services, Linkers, and Loaders. Process Concept, Process
Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Interprocess
Communication, IPC in Shared-Memory Systems, IPC in
Message-Passing Systems, Examples of IPC Systems,
Communication in Client-Server Systems.
13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 3
Syllabus
• CO2: Threads & Concurrency: Overview, Multicore
Programming, Multithreading Models, Thread Libraries,
Implicit Threading, Threading Issues. CPU Scheduling:
Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Thread
Scheduling, Multi-Processor Scheduling, Real-Time CPU
Scheduling. PROCESS SYNCHRONIZATION: Background, The
Critical-Section Problem, Peterson’s Solution, Hardware
Support for Synchronization, Mutex Locks, Semaphores,
Monitors, Liveness

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 4


Syllabus
• CO3: Classic Problems of Synchronization, Synchronization
within the Kernel, POSIX Synchronization, Alternative
Approaches. Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock in
Multithreaded Applications, Deadlock Characterization,
Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention,
Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from
Deadlock

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 5


Syllabus
• CO4: Main Memory, Background, Contiguous Memory
Allocation, Paging, Structure of the Page Table, Swapping.
Virtual Memory: Demand Paging, Copy on Write, Page
Replacement, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing. Mass-
Storage Structure: Overview of Mass-Storage Structure,
HDD Scheduling, NVM Scheduling, File-System Interface:
File Concept, Access Methods, Allocation Methods.

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Syllabus
Text Book:
• “Operating System Concepts‟, 10th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc
by Silberschatz & Galvin, 2018
Reference books:
• Andrea Arpaci - Dusseau and Remzi Arpaci - Dusseau, “Operating Systems:
Three Easy Pieces”, Arpaci - Dusseau Books, Inc. 2014
• Charles Crowley, “Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach‟, TMH,
2017 Edition.
• William Stallings, “Operating Systems–Internals and Design Principles”, 9th
Edition, Pearson. 2018
• Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, 4th Edition, Pearson Edu.,
2016.
• Gary Nutt, “Operating Systems”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
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Objectives

• Describe the general organization of a computer system


and the role of interrupts
• Describe the components in a modern, multiprocessor
computer system
• Illustrate the transition from user mode to kernel mode
• Discuss how operating systems are used in various
computing environments
• Provide examples of free and open-source operating
systems

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 8


What Does the Term Operating System
Mean?
• An operating system is “fill in the blanks”
• What about:
• Car
• Airplane
• Printer
• Washing Machine
• Toaster
• Compiler
• Etc.

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 9


What is an Operating System?

• A program that acts as an intermediary between a


user of a computer and the computer hardware
• Operating system goals:
• Execute user programs and make solving user problems
easier
• Make the computer system convenient to use
• Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 10


Computer System Structure
• Computer system can be divided into four components:
• Hardware – provides basic computing resources
• CPU, memory, I/O devices
• Operating system
• Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications
and users
• Application programs – define the ways in which the system
resources are used to solve the computing problems of the
users
• Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video
games
• Users
13/07/2022 • People, machines, other computers
Operating Systems - CO1 11
Abstract View of Components of
Computer

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 12


What Operating Systems Do
• Depends on the point of view
• Users want convenience, ease of use and good
performance
• Don’t care about resource utilization
• But shared computer such as mainframe or
minicomputer must keep all users happy
• Operating system is a resource allocator and control
program making efficient use of HW and managing
execution of user programs

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 13


What Operating Systems Do
• Users of dedicate systems such as workstations have
dedicated resources but frequently use shared resources
from servers
• Mobile devices like smartphones and tables are resource
poor, optimized for usability and battery life
• Mobile user interfaces such as touch screens, voice recognition
• Some computers have little or no user interface, such as
embedded computers in devices and automobiles
• Run primarily without user intervention

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 14


Defining Operating Systems
• Term OS covers many roles
• Because of myriad designs and uses of OSes
• Present in toasters through ships, spacecraft, game
machines, TVs and industrial control systems
• Born when fixed use computers for military became
more general purpose and needed resource
management and program control

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 15


Operating System Definition

• No universally accepted definition


• “Everything a vendor ships when you order an
operating system” is a good approximation
• But varies wildly
• “The one program running at all times on the
computer” is the kernel, part of the operating system

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 16


Operating System Definition
• Everything else is either
• A system program (ships with the operating system, but
not part of the kernel) , or
• An application program, all programs not associated with
the operating system
• Today’s OSes for general purpose and mobile
computing also include middleware – a set of software
frameworks that provide additional services to
application developers such as databases, multimedia,
graphics
13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 17
Introduction
Objectives
What Does the Term Operating System Mean?
What is an Operating System?
Computer System Structure
Abstract View of Components of Computer
What Operating Systems Do
Defining Operating Systems
Operating System Definition

13/07/2022 Operating Systems - CO1 18

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