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Department of Computer Science & Applications Panjab University

 Types of System Units
Notebook
Desktop

Personal Digital
Assistant

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Department of Computer Science 2
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 The Motherboard
Click on terms to
Microprocessor view larger images
Keyboard / and information
Mouse Ports

Printer Port Memory

Slots

Video Port

AGP Slot

PCI Slots Chipset

Department of Computer Science 3

 The Processing Cycle Click to
animate.
Click one
time only

Control unit ALU

Memory

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Department of Computer Science 4
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 Popular CPUs
Intel Advanced
Micro Devices
Pentium IV
Pentium III (AMD)

Pentium MMX

Cyrix Motorola (Apple)

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Department of Computer Science 5
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 Random Access Memory / RAM

 RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores

information temporarily so that it’s available to the
CPU.

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Department of Computer Science 6
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 HOW RAM WORKS
CLICK TO BEGIN
MONITOR WEB
ANIMATION

KEYBOARD RAM

CPU
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Department
Department
of Computer
of Computer
Science
Science 7
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 Virtual Memory

FULL

 Virtual memory involves:

 Part of the hard disk is reserved as RAM.
 When RAM modules become full, the CPU accesses the
hard disk to store and retrieve data.
 Slower than RAM.

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Department of Computer Science 8
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 Chipset

 A chipset is a collection of chips that work together.

 It provides circuitry to move data to and from the
rest of the computer.

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Department of Computer Science 9
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 Input/Output (I/O) Buses
Expansion slots
Expansion card

 I/O buses are pathways that enable the CPU to

communicate with input/output devices.
 Typically the buses contain slots, called expansion
slots, in which expansion cards are inserted.

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Department of Computer Science 10
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 Outside the System Unit

Drive bays

On/off switch

Reset button
BACK
Indicator lights

FRONT
 Power switch– Is located on the back. It turns power on/off to the
computer.
 Receptacles– Also called connectors or ports, are located on the back to
plug in peripheral devices, keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
 Front panel– Contains drive bays, various buttons, and lights.

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Department of Computer Science 11
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 Types of Ports
Click on a port below to view information about it.
Click again to remove the text.

Sound
PS/2
Universal
Serial
Parallel
VGA
Game port
connector–
port–
card
port–
(mouse
(keyboard
Serial
connectors–
Data
A Data
connector
Bus
Aflows
port)–
flows
15port)–
(USB)–
pin
inSpecial
through
for
Also
aconnector
Special
series
high
Allows
called
serial
speed
eight
of
serial
up
used
pulses,
jacks,
port
to
wires
access
port
127
for
to
they
one
allowing
monitors
connect
to
devices
for
connect
accept
after
graphics-
another
to
the
mouse.
stereo
be
transfer
keyboard.
connected
one
of
intensive
mini-plugs.
eight
bit at
bits
interaction.
aat
time;
Microphone,
ofa data
time.
slow
simultaneously;
data
line-in,
transfer
line-out,
rate.
fasterand
than
speaker
serial connectors
ports.
are used.

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Department of Computer Science 12
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The difference between serial and parallel ports
SERIAL PARALLEL

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Department of Computer Science 13
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 How a Computer Represents Data
Analog Digital

OFF
ON

 Computers represent data through electronic signals

or impulses.
 Two types of signals:
 Analog– Continuous waveform. Examples: talking and
computerized gas pumps
 Digital– On/off electrical states (bit). Examples: light
switches and transistors

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Department of Computer Science 14
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 Input Devices

Keyboard & Mouse

Digital Cameras
Touch Screen

Wand Reader
Stylus Pen Microphone
• Input devices are types of hardware that enable you to get programs,
data, commands, and responses into the computer’s memory.

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Department of Computer Science
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 Pointing Devices

• Pointing devices enable the user to control the movements of an on-

screen pointer.
• They enable the user to initiate commands and to respond to the
active program.
• They are used to provide input in graphics programs.

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Department of Computer Science
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 Other Pointing Devices
Foot Touch
Mouse Screen

Touch Pad
Joystick

Trackball

Pointing
Stick
Pen

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Department of Computer Science
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 Optical Input Devices Click on the
picture to play
Digital Video video

Digital Cameras

Web Cams
Videoconferencing

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Department of Computer Science
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 Other Input Devices

Fax Machines
Scanners
Flatbed Handheld

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Department of Computer Science
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 Visual Display System

• A visual display system is composed of two parts:

– Video adapter– Responsible for video quality.
– Monitor– Displays the video adapter’s output.

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Department of Computer Science
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 Televisions as Monitors

• Televisions have low resolution; therefore, they produce

poor quality computer output.
• An NTSC (National Television Standards Committee)
converter is needed to connect a computer to a TV.
• High Definition Television (HDTV) is designed to use
digital signals.
• Digital TVs enable interactive use.

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Department of Computer Science
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 Printers

• A printer is a peripheral device that produces a physical

copy or hard copy of the computer’s output.
• Two basic types:
– Impact printer
– Nonimpact printer
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Department of Computer Science
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 Audio Output
• Audio output is the ability of the computer to output sound.
• Two components are needed:
– Sound card– Plays contents of digitized recordings.
– Speakers– Attach to sound card.
• Digital formats include WAV, MPEG, MP3, and MIDI.

Click an icon
Try clicking
to play music
on Cheers
Click the icon while playing
again to stop WMA MIDI MP3 WAV music
playing
Beethove Rocky Hornsby Cheers
n 1:15 2:56 48 sec 15 sec
min min
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Department of Computer Science
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 End

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