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Lect35 Morphological Processing

Morphological image processing uses concepts from set theory and operations like dilation and erosion to extract image components and describe region shapes. Dilation expands regions while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth contours, and closing performs dilation followed by erosion to smooth contours and fill in gaps. Common morphological algorithms include boundary extraction, region filling, connected component analysis, and skeletonization.

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42 views21 pages

Lect35 Morphological Processing

Morphological image processing uses concepts from set theory and operations like dilation and erosion to extract image components and describe region shapes. Dilation expands regions while erosion shrinks them. Opening performs erosion followed by dilation to smooth contours, and closing performs dilation followed by erosion to smooth contours and fill in gaps. Common morphological algorithms include boundary extraction, region filling, connected component analysis, and skeletonization.

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nnehasingh
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Morphological Image

Processing
Lecture 35
(Digital Image Processing – Gonzalez/Woods)
Preview
• “Morphology “ – a branch in biology that deals with the
form and structure of animals and plants.
• “Mathematical Morphology” – as a tool for extracting
image components, that are useful in the representation
and description of region shape.
• The language of mathematical morphology is – Set theory.
• It is a tool for extracting image components useful for
representation and description.
Basic Concepts in Set Theory
Dilation

• Dilation is used for expanding an element A by using structuring element


B
• Dilation of A by B and is defined by the following equation:

• This equation is based on obtaining the reflection of B about its origin


and shifting this reflection by z.
• The dilation of A by B is the set of all displacements z, such that and A
overlap by at least one element. Based On this interpretation the
equation of (9.2-1) can be rewritten as:
Dilation – Example 1
Dilation – Example 2
Dilation – A More interesting
Example
Erosion

• Erosion is used for shrinking of element A by using


element B
• Erosion for Sets A and B is defined by the following equation:

• This equation indicates that the erosion of A by B is the set of all


points z such that B, translated by z, is combined in A.
Erosion – Example 1
Erosion – Example 2
Erosion and Dilation summary
Opening And Closing

• Opening – smoothes contours , eliminates protrusions

• Closing – smoothes sections of contours, fuses narrow


breaks and long thin gulfs, eliminates small holes and fills
gaps in contours

• These operations are dual to each other

• These operations are can be applied few times, but has


effect only once
Opening And Closing
• Opening –
• First – erode A by B, and then dilate the result by B
• In other words, opening is the unification of all B objects
Entirely Contained in A
Opening And Closing
• Closing –
• First – dilate A by B, and then erode the result by B
• In other words, closing is the group of points, which the
intersection of object B around them with object A – is
not empty
Use of opening and closing for morphological filtering
Basic Morphological Algorithms
• 1 – Boundary Extraction
• 2 – Region Filling
• 3 – Extraction of Connected Components
• 4 – Convex Hull
• 5 – Thinning
• 6 – Thickening
• 7 – Skeletons
9.5.1 Boundary Extraction
• First, erode A by B, then make set difference
between A and the erosion
• The thickness of the contour depends on the size of
constructing object – B
Boundary Extraction

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