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    Experimental Psychology PSY 433: Ch. 8, PG 207-209 Reaction Time As A Dependent Variable

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    Vikas Samota
    This chapter discusses reaction time as a dependent variable in experimental psychology. It introduces three types of reaction time tasks: simple reaction time (Donders A), choice reaction time (Donders B), and go/no-go reaction time (Donders C). The subtractive method is used to isolate the separate cognitive processes involved in more complex tasks by subtracting reaction times between tasks. For example, subtracting simple reaction time from go/no-go reaction time isolates stimulus identification time.

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    Experimental Psychology PSY 433: Ch. 8, PG 207-209 Reaction Time As A Dependent Variable

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    Vikas Samota
    38 views15 pages
    This chapter discusses reaction time as a dependent variable in experimental psychology. It introduces three types of reaction time tasks: simple reaction time (Donders A), choice reaction time (Donders B), and go/no-go reaction time (Donders C). The subtractive method is used to isolate the separate cognitive processes involved in more complex tasks by subtracting reaction times between tasks. For example, subtracting simple reaction time from go/no-go reaction time isolates stimulus identification time.

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    Reaction Time

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    This chapter discusses reaction time as a dependent variable in experimental psychology. It introduces three types of reaction time tasks: simple reaction time (Donders A), choice reaction time (Donders B), and go/no-go reaction time (Donders C). The subtractive method is used to isolate the separate cognitive processes involved in more complex tasks by subtracting reaction times between tasks. For example, subtracting simple reaction time from go/no-go reaction time isolates stimulus identification time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views15 pages

    Experimental Psychology PSY 433: Ch. 8, PG 207-209 Reaction Time As A Dependent Variable

    Uploaded by

    Vikas Samota
    This chapter discusses reaction time as a dependent variable in experimental psychology. It introduces three types of reaction time tasks: simple reaction time (Donders A), choice reaction time (Donders B), and go/no-go reaction time (Donders C). The subtractive method is used to isolate the separate cognitive processes involved in more complex tasks by subtracting reaction times between tasks. For example, subtracting simple reaction time from go/no-go reaction time isolates stimulus identification time.

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    of 15

    Experimental Psychology

    PSY 433

    Ch. 8, pg 207-209
    Reaction Time as a Dependent Variable
    Some Terminology
     Dependent variable (DV) – the variable
    measured and recorded by the experimenter.
     Independent variable (IV) – the variable
    manipulated by the experimenter.
     In an experiment, changing the IV should
    produce a corresponding change in the DV,
    demonstrating a causal relationship.
     Studies can have multiple DV’s (called
    multivariate) or multiple IV’s (called factorial).
    Donders Tasks
     S1  R1 Donders A

     S1  R1 Donders B
    S2  R2

     S1  R1 Donders C
    S2
    Measuring RT – Donders A
     The two most common DVs in
    experimental psychology are percent
    correct and reaction time (RT).
     There are several types of RT
     Reaction time vs response time
     Simple RT (Donders A): the time between
    the onset of a stimulus and the onset of a
    response.
     Requires time for sensory processing,
    nerve conduction, and responding.
    Measuring RT – Donders C
     Go NoGo (Donders C): the time between
    the onset of one of multiple possible
    stimuli and the onset of a response to
    only a single one of those stimuli.
     Requires time for all processes in simple
    RT plus time for stimulus identification.
    Measuring RT – Donders B

     Choice RT (Donders B): the time between


    the onset of one of multiple possible
    stimuli and the onset of a unique response
    to each stimulus.
     Requires time for all processes in simple
    RT plus time for stimulus identification and
    time for response selection.
    Donders A -- Simple

    A Reaction Time
    (total)

    Perceive stimulus and press key


    Donders C – Go-No Go

    C Reaction Time
    (total)

    Perceive stimulus, decide if it is the


    one requiring you to press a key,
    press the key
    Isolating and Measuring the Two
    Components of the Task
    A Reaction Time

    C Reaction Time

    C Minus A

    The two steps (perceive a stimulus and decide


    whether to press a key or not) can be separated
    and the time needed for each determined by
    subtraction.
    Donders B -- Choice

    B Reaction
    Time (total)

    C Reaction
    Time (total)

    B Minus C

    Baseline Identification Selection Time


    Time
    The Subtractive Method

     A: See a stimulus
    Press a key
     B: See a stimulus
    Identify which one it is
    Decide which key to press
    Press a key
     C: See a stimulus
    Identify which one it is
    Press a key or not
    Measuring the Separate Parts
     A is the Simple task
     B is the Choice task
     C is the Go-NoGo task
     A is how long it takes to see a stimulus and
    press a key.
     To figure out how long it takes to identify the
    stimulus, subtract A from C.
     To figure out how long it takes to decide
    which key to press, subtract B from C.
    Subtractive Method in Experiments
     Define two or more groups (levels of the IV):
     Group 1 – Control group
     Group 2 – Experimental (treatment) group
     Measure both groups
     Subtract Group 2 from Group 1
     The difference is the effect
     The effect is the amount attributable to
    whatever happened differently in Group 2.
     If there is no measurable difference between
    the two, there is no effect.
    Reaction Time Expt (Uncleaned)
    Task
    Simple Mean P 1 1.042
    StDevP 1 1.975
    Min P 1 0.253
    Max P 1 9.22
    N P1 20
    SE P 1 0.44
    P1
    Go/NoGo Mean P 2 0.426
    StDevP 2 0.067
    Min P 2 0.317
    Max P 2 0.53
    N P2 20
    SE P 2 0.02
    P2
    Choice Mean P 3 0.477
    StDevP 3 0.100
    Min P 3 0.301
    Max P 3 0.71
    N P3 20
    SE P 3 0.02
    Reaction Time Expt (Cleaned)
    Task
    Simple Mean P 1 0.343
    StDevP 1 0.072
    Min P 1 0.253
    Max P 1 0.50
    N P1 19
    SE P 1 0.02
    P1
    Go/NoGo Mean P 2 0.426
    StDevP 2 0.069
    Min P 2 0.317
    Max P 2 0.53
    N P2 19
    SE P 2 0.02
    P2
    Choice Mean P 3 0.454
    StDevP 3 0.077
    Min P 3 0.301
    Max P 3 0.64
    N P3 19
    SE P 3 0.02

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