LINEAR

PERMUTATION
OF
DISTINGUISHAB
LE OBJECTS
At this point in time, I know you are already familiar with matching
outfits, making passwords, plate numbers, menus, or other related sorts. If
you notice, all of them come in group, and each member in the group has its
position. Certainly, there are ways on how these members are arranged.
Now, if you are asked, how many four-digit passwords can be formed from
the digits 1,2,3, 4? or how many ways can you match your three pants and
three tops on hand? Can you do this systematically? Can you do it in less
time and become accurate about it?
 Picture Analysis

How many ways can you match your

three pants and three tops?
Tree Diagram
The manner of solving by multiplying the number of elements of
two
or more events to find the total number of outcomes for those events to
occur is known as the Fundamental Counting Principle ( FCP ). Others
call it the multiplication principle. The FCP states that if one event has m
possible outcomes and a second independent event has n possible
outcomes, then there are m × n total possible outcomes for the two events to
occur together. Thus, the problem above where it involves three pants and
three tops will have 3 × 3 which will give 9 as the number of outcomes or
outfits.
Another Example:
In how many ways can you order a menu composed of a main dish, a
dessert, and a drink to be chosen from two different main dishes, two
different desserts, and two different drinks?
Solution:
a. Using the tree diagram
Let’s denote the main dishes as D, desserts as Ds, and drinks as Dr.
How many permutations
are there in the letters of
the word LOVE?
Since there are four events or four spaces to fill up,
then we will use
the FCP in answering this problem.

We will then have 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 permutations

for the letters of the
word LOVE
In how many ways can three boys and two girls
be arranged in a row with
five seats?

This is also an orderly arrangement that

involves five objects or seats
where the three boys and two girls will sit.
So, we have 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1=
120.
There are 120 ways of arranging
the three boys and two girls.
 Let’s look at the last item in the previous
activity. The number of ways
4 bikes where no two of which are the same, be
displayed in a window is
computed as 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. That means there are 24
ways to display the bikes. What can you say about its
computation? Notice that the factors in
the computation are consecutive counting numbers arranged
in decreasing
order from four down to one (1)
 So, if there are five bikes to arrange where no two bikes
are identical,
then we have 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. If there are six bikes, then the computation
is 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. Notice how the factors in the computation decrease
down to one (1). Thus, if there are n bikes to be displayed the computation
would then be: n (n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) … (3)(2)(1). To write this in a
shorter
way, it can actually be expressed as a factorial (symbol: !). Therefore 6! = 6
×
5×4×3×2×1
Arranging seven books on a shelf shows permutation or orderly
arrangements of seven objects in seven spaces. Permutation also
has its
notation. The permutation notation of this case of seven books
in seven
spaces is 7P7 which is the same as 7! and is equal to 5,040.
Analysis
Find what is asked in each problem. You may use the tree
diagram or the
FCP to answer the problem. Use a separate sheet for your computations and
answers.
1. Find the total number of outcomes of each given situations below.
a) tossing a coin three times
b) answering two multiple questions with four choices each
2. How many 4-digit codes can be formed from the digits 1,3,5,7, and 9 if
repetition of digits is not allowed?
Types of Permutation

Permutation can be classified in three different categories:

•Permutation of n different objects (when repetition is not
allowed)
•Repetition, where repetition is allowed
•Permutation when the objects are not distinct (Permutation of
multi sets)
Thank You for listening

Prepared by: Miss Lorraine Dela Pena

Questions: 
1.In which situations in Activity 2 is order or
arrangement of the selection important?  
2.Justify your answer by giving an example for
each situation. 
3.In performing a certain task where order or
arrangement is important, what do you call each
possible arrangement? 
1.Which of the following situations illustrates
permutations?
2. Choosing 5 questions out of 20 questions
3. Opening a combination lock
4. Winning in a contest
5. Selecting 3 posters to hang out of 6 posters
6. Entering a pin (Personal Identification
Number) of your ATM card
Tell whether the situation is permutation or not.
1. Winning in a Math quiz bee
2. Selecting 7 people to form a Student Affair
Committee
3. Drawing a set of 6 numbers in a lottery
containing numbers 1 to 58
4. Assigning seats to guests at dinner
5. Opening a combination lock of a locker
Do you know that the word MATHEMATICS
has also its permutation?
The teacher facilitates in the discussion of the following:
1.Permutation of n different objects 
Example Situation.
The Philippines is known as land of beauty queens. Suppose there 
are 10 contestants in a beauty pageant. How many ways can the top 3
winners be selected.
2.Permutation with identical objects
Example Situation.
Roxanne has three vases of the same kind and two candle stands of
the same kind. In how many ways can she arrange these items in a
line?
3.Circular Permutations
Example Situation.
Abby has four guests A, B, C, and D around a circular table. What
are the possible arrangements?
1.Tell whether the given problem illustrates permutation with
different objects, distinguishable permutation or circular
permutation.
2. A class is to select a preident, a vice- president, a secretary, and a
treasure from 7 class members. How many arrangements of class
officers are possible?
3.How many different 9 letter words (real or imaginary) can be
formed from the letters in the word COMMITTEE? 
4.The covered walk of a school is to be lined with flags. How many
different arrangements are there of the 10 flags if 5 are blue, 3
are red and 2 are white?
5.How many different 11 letter words can be formed from the letters
in the word PROBABILITY?
6.Jeremy invited his 5 friends in his birthday party. He assigned them
in a circular table. What are the possible arrangement of his
friend in the table?
How do you distinguish permutation with different
objects from distinguishable permutation?
How about distinguishable permutation from a
circular permutations?
How about permutation with different objects from
a circular permutation?  
Circular permutation – the different possible
arrangements of objects in a circle. 
Distinguishable permutations – refers to the
permutations of a set of objects where
some of them are alike.
Permutations – refers to the different
possible arrangements of a set of objects.
Tell whether the problem is illustrating a permutation with
different objects, distinguishable permutation, or circular
permutation.
1.  Given the 4-letter word READ. In how many ways can we
arrange its letters, 3 at a time? 
2. Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word
STATISTICS
3. In a school club, there are 7 possible choices for the president, a
secretary, a treasurer, and an auditor. Assuming that each of
them is qualified for any of these positions, in how many ways
can the 4 officers be elected?
4. In how many ways can 6 people be seated around a circular  
table? 
5. Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word
ODD.
  Suppose we have 6 different potted plants and we
wish to arrange 4 of them in a row. In how many
ways can this be done?
  We can determine the number of ways these
plants can be arranged in a row if we arrange only 4
of them at a time. Each possible arrangement is
called a permutation. 
The permutation of 6 potted plants taken 4 at a
time is denoted by P(6, 4), 6P4 , P6,4. Similarly, if
there are n objects which will be arranged r at a
time, it will be denoted by P(n, r) . The permutation
of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by P(n, r).
In some books, it is also denoted by nPr, Pn,r , or
Pnr. In our learning material we will use the first
notation. 
1.Given the 4-letter word READ. In How many
ways can we arrange the letters, 3 at a time?

2.In a school club, there are 5 possible choices

for the president, a secretary, a treasurer and an
auditor. Assuming that each of them is qualified 
for any of these positions, in how many ways
can 4 officers be elected?
Solve:
1. P(6, 6) = _____
2. P(7, 4) = ___
3. P(5, 3) = ___
4. P(9, 3) = ____
5. P(10, 5) = ____
A coat hanger has four knobs, and
each knob is to be painted by a
distinct color. If six different colors
of paint are available, how many
ways can the knobs be painted?
Evaluate 7P5
A new model of a car is available in
six exterior colors, three interior
colors, and two interior styles. How
many versions of car are available
for order?