INSTITUTE - UIE

DEPARTMENT- ACADEMIC UNIT-2

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name: Problem Solving with Programming
Course Code:20CST111

Data Types and Variables DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Problem
solving with
programming
Course Objectives
The course aims to provide exposure to problem-solving
through programming.
The course aims to raise the programming skills of
students via logic building capability.
With knowledge of C programming language, students
would be able to model real world problems.

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 Problem solving
with
programming
Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Identify​situations where computational Understand
methods would be useful.  

CO2 Approach the programming tasks using Remember

techniques learnt and write pseudo-code.  
CO3 Choose the right data representation formats Understand
based on the requirements of the problem.
CO4 Use the comparisons and limitations of the Understand
various programming constructs and choose  
the right one for the task.
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 Scheme of Evaluation

Sr. Type of Assessment Weightage of actual Frequency of Task Final Weightage in Internal Remarks
No. Task conduct Assessment (Prorated
Marks)

1. Assignment* 10 marks of One Per Unit 10 marks As applicable to

each assignment course types depicted
above.
2. Time Bound 12 marks for each One per Unit 4 marks As applicable to
Surprise test course types
Test depicted above.
3. Quiz 4 marks of each quiz 2 per Unit 4marks As applicable to
course types
depicted above.
4. Mid-Semester Test** 20 marks for one 2 per semester 20 marks As applicable to
MST. course types
depicted above.
5. Presentation***     Non Graded: Engagement Only for Self Study
Task MNGCourses.

6. Homework NA One per lecture topic Non-Graded: Engagement As applicable to

(of 2 Task course types
questions) depicted above.
7. Discussion Forum NA One per Non Graded: Engagement As applicable to
Chapter Task course types depicted
above.
8. Attendance and NA NA 2 marks  
Engagement Score
on BB
4
 Contents
C0NTENTS

Data Types Variables Constants

5
 Data
Data Types types
Data type is used to specify the range of values that a
particular variable can take during program execution

Each variable in C is associated with data type that

determines memory space for its storage

Data type determines which type of value a particular

variable can take

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 Data
Data Types- types
Categories

Primary Data Types: These data types are predefined into C system
Their storage space , range of values and format specifiers are all fixed

Derived Data Types : The data types which are derived from primary
data types are called derived data types .

User Defined Data Types : These data type are defined by users
according to their requirements with the combination of primary data
types .

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Data types

8
 Data types Size Chart

Data Type Memory Space Range Of Values Format Specifiers

Signed char 1 Byte -128 To +127 %c
Unsigned char 1 Byte 0 To 255 %c
signed int 2 Bytes -32768 to +32767 %d
unsigned int 2 Bytes 0 to 65535 %u
-2147483648
signed long 4 Bytes To %ld
2147483647

unsigned long 4 Bytes 0 To 4294967295 %lu

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 Data types Size Chart
Data Type Memory Space Range Of Values Format Specifiers
-9223372036854775808
signed long long int 8 Bytes To %lld
9223372036854775807
0
unsigned long long int 8 Bytes To %llu
18446744073709551615
-3.4 E38
float 4 Bytes To %f
+3.4E38
-1.7E308
double 8 Bytes To %lf
+1.7E308
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 Data types
Steps to remember

1.The formula to calculate range is -2n-1 To 2n-1-1 where n is the no. of bits taken by a
particular data type.

2. Char takes one byte in memory in all C compilers .

3. The Ranges of data types are specified here according to 16-bit compiler .

4. Ranges for int and long data types are compiler dependent that will vary from 16 bit
compiler to 64 bit compiler .

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 Constants
Constants

Constants are the quantities that do not change their value

during execution of the program .

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 Integer Constant
Integer Constants

An integer constant is that which can be decimal , hexadecimal and

octal constant . An Octal is preceded by O and hexadecimal is
preceded by 0X and decimal by none .
321 // Valid decimal constant
O458 // Invalid octal as 8 is not a octal digit

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 Real Constant
Real Constants

These are known as real constants . These constants include decimal

point to represent real values . Real constants can also be
represented in exponential form which has
mantissa and exponents exponent can be represented with e or E .
3.142 // Valid real constant
341E-5 // valid real constant represents 341 X 10-5
123E // Invalid exponent part is missing

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 Character Constant
Character Constants
These constants are represented in ‘ ‘ as ‘a’ . Special characters are
used in C language that are preceded by \ like ‘\t’ and ‘\n’ are
characters which are used as tab and new line Characters
characters in C
‘a’ // valid character constant
‘5’ // digit can be represented in char form
‘&’ // special symbol can be represented as character constant
‘\t’ // Special Character represents tab
‘an’ // Invalid it should include only single char
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 String
StringConstant
Constants

Any group of characters enclosed within “ “ is known as string constant

“Happy” // Valid string Constant

“#876 Pahar ganj New Delhi” // Valid
“Happy \ //Valid, two parts of strings can be separated into two
lines
Diwali”

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 How to Define Constants ?

In C ,constants can be defined by two ways

a) Using const keyword b) Through Macros using #define
a)Const keyword can be used to define constants as:
const double pi=3.142;
Now value of pi will remain 3.142 till end of the program and cannot
be modified

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 How to Define Constants ?

Macro can be used to define constants as :

#define pi 3.142
each occurrence of pi within the program will be replaced by 3.142 and
this value can
never get changed during execution of the program .

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 Variables
Variables

Variables are the quantities whose value changes during the execution
of the program Variable name is always preceded with some valid data
type that fixes the memory space for the variable to store it .
Actually variable is the name given to memory location whose value
can be manipulated according to the program requirements .
example : int a=5;
a is the variable of type integer in which initial value as 5 is placed

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 Naming The Variables
The variable name may include alphabets , digits or underscore .The name of the
variable is also known as identifier .
Following are the rules for naming the variables
1.Any keyword cannot be used for naming the variable
int break; // Invalid identifier as break is a keyword in C .
2.Space is not allowed in a variable name
int a b // space is not allowed in a variable name .

3.The first character of variable name cannot be digit

int 8a_b; // Invalid as first char is digit .

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 Lva Rvalue
Lvalue
lvalue − Expressions that may appear on L.H.S as well as on R.H.S of
the assignment operator
rvalue – it is the expression that evaluated to constant value and can
appear only on the R.H.S of the assignment operator .
Example :
int a,b;
b=10; // Valid as rvalue constant 10 is on R.H.S of =
10=a; // Invalid as rvalue 10 is on L.H.S of =
a=b; // Valid as both are variables may appear on either side of =

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 Summary
Are used to declare variables .It specifies range , format specifier
Data types
and memory space required by corresponding variable

Are names given to memory where value can be manipulated

Variables
during program execution

Naming Variables It can include alphabets , digits or underscore only

Constants Are quantities that do not change its value during program
execution.

Defining contants Constants can be defined either by macros or by using const

keyword
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 Q3:I have read that int take two bytes in
Q1:Why int and long are two data types for memory but when I use sizeof() operator to
storing integer values in memory ? Is long alone check size of int on online compiler it prints
sufficient ? 4 .Why online compiler takes more space ?
Ans: No , Using long waste our memory space Ans: size of integer data types is compiler
like using long to store no. of students in a dependent . Most of online compiler are 32
single class of your university is merely wastage bit(4 Bytes) so int takes 4 bytes on all these
of memory and memory is one of the valuable compilers but on turboc it takes 2 bytes .
resource of our computer system .
FAQs
Q2: Identifiers can take alphabets , digits and Q4: Character constant should take single
underscore but when I take 2020_roll as character but ‘\n’ and ‘\t’ takes two
identifier Compiler generates an error characters ,why ?
message . Kindly tell me why it happened ?
Ans: The first character of identifier cannot be Ans: All escape sequences like ‘\n and ‘\t’ are
digit that is the rule of naming variables , so special characters preceded by \ .
compiler generates an error message .

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 Q7: What are the memory space requirements
of derived data types ?
Q5: Can we change value of constant defined by
#define ? Ans: Derived data types are the combination of
predefined data types so their space is
Ans: No, Constant of any type cannot be calculated by adding up space of all primary
modified data types from which derived data type
composed of .

FAQs
Q6: I store my city population in int variable it Q8 : When I use short x; compiler did not
is 50000 but when I print it was some garbage generate any error message.Ccan we use short
value why it happened ? without int ?
Ans: You worked on 16 bit compiler. int take Ans: short x; or short int x ; have same meaning
two bytes and can store value in range -32768 so compiler will not generate any error
to 32767 so 50000 cannot be stored in this message .
variable you can take long to store this value .

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 Test Yourself

long long Int a=145; int 8ab;

printf(“%d”,sizeof(a)); scanf(“%d”,&8ab);
printf(“8ab=%d”,&8ab);

char a=‘a’; const flaot a=123e3;

char b[]=“a”; printf(“%2f”,a);
printf(“%d a=a+1.5;
%d”,sizeof(a),sizeof(b)); printf(“%f”,a);

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 References
S.No Title Content link
1 Book Programming in C by Reema Thareja.
2 Book Programming with C (Schaum's Outline Series) by Byron
Gottfried  Jitender Chhabra, Tata McGraw Hill.
3 Book The C Programming Language by Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis
Ritchie, Pearson education.
4 Book Programming in ANSI C by E. Balaguruswamy, Tata McGraw
Hill.
5 Weblink https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_operators.htm

6 Weblink https://www.programiz.com/c-programming
7 Weblink https://fresh2refresh.com/c-programming/
 References
S.No Title Content link
8 Weblink https://www.studytonight.com/c/
9 Weblink https://www.javatpoint.com/c-operators
10 Video Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSyjOvFbAGI
11 Video Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7tdL-ZEWdE

12 Online Course Link https://www.coursera.org/

13 Online Course Link https://www.udemy.com/

14 Online Course Link https://www.niit.com/

THANK YOU