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Binomial Test

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198 views22 pages

Binomial Test

Uploaded by

Jayram Javier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Social Science Research Design and Statistics, 2/e

Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton

Binomial Test

PowerPoint Prepared by
Alfred P. Rovai

IBM® SPSS® Screen Prints Courtesy of International Business Machines Corporation,


© International Business Machines Corporation.

Presentation © 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Uses of the Binomial Test

• The binomial test is a nonparametric procedure that


determines if the proportion of cases in one of two categories
is different from a hypothesized test proportion; e.g., different
from .5.
• Continuous variables can be set up dichotomously with only
two values by specifying a cut point where everything less
than or equal to the cut point is in the first category and
everything above the cut point is in the second category. If
there are more than two categories, one should use the chi-
square goodness-of fit test.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Open the dataset Community.sav.

File available at http://www.watertreepress.com/stats

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Follow the menu as indicated. A second method, using Legacy
Dialogs, can also be used.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Select Customize analysis then click
the Fields tab.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


In this example, we will test the
following null hypothesis:
H0: There are no differences in the
proportions of college students
enrolled in distance online courses
and traditional on-campus
courses, P = .5.

Move variables so that only Type


Course is in the Test Fields: box.

Click the Settings tab.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Check Customize tests and
Compare observed binary
probability to hypothesized
(Binomial test).

Click Options.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Retain the default hypothesized
proportion, P = .5. Select all the
Confidence Interval options. Click
OK.

Note: Clopper-Pearson (exact) is an


exact interval based on the
cumulative binomial distribution.
Jeffreys is a Bayesian interval based
on the posterior distribution of P
using the Jeffreys prior.
Likelihood ratio is an interval based
on the likelihood function for P.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Select Test Options.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Note defaults. Click Run.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

The contents of the SPSS Log is the first output entry. The Log
reflects the syntax used by SPSS to generate the
Nonparametric Tests output.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

The above summary table shows that the Binomial test is significant, p < .001, since the
significance level <= .05 (the assumed à priori significance level). Double-click the table in the
SPSS output window to launch the Model Viewer.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

The Model Viewer displays statistical


details using the One-Sample Test
View. Select Categorical Field
Information from the View: pop-up
menu to view a simple bar chart.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

The Model Viewer displays statistical details


using the Categorical Field Information View.
Select Confidence Interval Summary View
from the View: pop-up menu to view
Confidence Interval Statistics.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Follow the menu as indicated to run the Binomial
test using Legacy Dialogs.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Move Type Course to the Test
Variable List: box. Note the Test
Proportion is set for 0.50, the desired
value. Click Options.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Check Descriptive to generate
descriptive statistics. Click Continue
and then OK.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

The contents of the SPSS Log is the first output entry. The Log
reflects the syntax used by SPSS to generate the NPar Tests
output.

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


SPSS Output

Descriptive statistics and Binomial test results are also


displayed. Npar test results and Nonparametric test results
(previously run) are the same (as expected).

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


Binomial Test Results Summary

H0: There are no differences in the proportions of college students enrolled in


distance online courses and traditional on-campus courses, P = .5. The Binomial
test results are significant, z = 7.39, p < .001. Consequently, there is sufficient
evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that a significantly greater
proportion of college students are enrolled in distance courses than traditional
courses in the target population. The 95% confidence interval of the probability
of preferring distance online courses over traditional on-campus courses is .76
to .90. Effect size, as a measure of the difference between observed and
hypothesized proportions, is .34 (.84 – .50).

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton


End of Presentation

Copyright 2013 by Alfred P. Rovai, Jason D. Baker, and Michael K. Ponton

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