Solid Waste Management

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 It is defined as

Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse,


garbage, junk) is any unwanted or useless
materials.
OR
Any materials unused and rejected as
worthless or unwanted and “A useless or
profile less activity using or expanding or
consuming thoughtlessly or carefully.”
 Solid waste  Chemical waste
 Liquid waste  Commercial waste/
 Gaseous waste Business waste
 Animal by  Biomedical waste
product(ABPs)  Bulky waste
 Biodegradable waste
 Agriculture
 Fisheries
 Household
 Commerce and industry
Broadly there are 3 types of waste
which as follows

1. Household waste as municipal waste

2.Industrial waste as hazardous waste

3.Biomedical waste or hospital waste as


infectious waste
 Municipal solid waste consist of---
household waste
construction and demolition debris
sanitation residue
waste from streets
 With rising urbanization and change in life
style and food habits ,the amount of
municipal solid waste has been increasing
rapidly and its composition changing.
 Industrial and hospital waste is considered
hazardous as they may contain toxic substances
 Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to
humans, animals and plants. They are
- corrosive
- highly inflammable or explosive
 In the industrial sector the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal’ chemical’
paper, pesticide, dye and rubber goods
industries.
 Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous waste
such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal
 Bio-medical waste means “Any waste which
is generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals
or in research activities pertaining thereto or
in the production or testing of biological”
-Bio-medical waste rules ,1998
 It may includes wastes like sharp waste,
pathological waste, pharmaceutical waste,
genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and
radioactive waste etc.
A:Health hazard
 If solid waste are not collected and allowed
to accumulate , they may create unsanitary
conditions.

 This may lead to epidemic outbreaks .

 Many diseases like cholera. Diarrhea,


dysentery, plague, jaundice, or gastro-
intestinal diseases may spread and cause loss
of human lives.
 In addition improper handling of the solid
wastes ,a health hazard for the workers who
come in direct contact with the waste.
B: Environmental impact
 If the solid wastes are not treated properly
decomposition and putrefaction( decay) may
take place .
 The organic solid waste during decomposition
may generate obnozious (intolerable
odour)
 The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to be
followed for waste management.
 Disposable goods: paper plate, paper
bowl, Styrofoam cup, plastic spoon, roll of
paper
towels, paper napkin; Durable goods:
ceramic/plastic plate, metal spoon,
glass/plastic drinking cup,
dish towel, cloth napkin)
 Recovery of one tonne paper can save 17
trees.
 Instead of buying new containers from the
market, use the ones that are in the house.
 Don’t through away the soft drink can or
bottle cover them with home made paper or
paint on them and use them as pencil
stands or small vases.
 Use shopping bags made of cloth or jute
which can be used over and over
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins
 Collection
- House-to-house collection
- Collection from the public bins
 Waste handling and separation involves
activities associated with waste management
until the waste is placed in storage
containers for collection. Handling also
encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection.
 waste is transferred from a
smaller collection vehicle to larger
transport equipment
1. Dumping
2. Controlled Tipping or Sanitary Landfill
3. Incineration
4. Composting
5. Manure pits
6. Burial
 Public hygiene and health.
 Reuse, recovery and recycle
 Energy generation
 Sustainable development
 Aesthetics
• Refuse is dumped in
low lying areas.
• As a result of bacterial
action, refuse
decreases considerably
in volume and is
converted gradually
into humus.
 The trench method:- Where level ground is
available, the trench method is usually
chosen.
 A long trench is dug out-2 to 3 m (6-10 ft.)
deep and 4 to 12 m, (12-36 ft.) wide,
depending upon local condition.
 The refuse is compacted and covered with
excavated earth.
 Refuse can be disposal of hygienically
 It is method of choice where suitable land is
not available.
 Hospital refuse which is particularly dangerous
is best disposed of by incineration.
 Incineration is practiced in several of the
industrialized countries.
• Composting is a method of combined disposal
of refuse and night soil or sludge.
Organic matter

Bacterial action

Relatively stable humus-like material

Manurial value for the soil.


• The heat produced during composting -60 deg
C or higher, over a period of several days-
destroys eggs and larvae of flies, weed seeds
and pathogenic agents.
• The end-product is a good soil builder
containing small amounts of the major plant
nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.
• The problem of refuse disposal in rural areas can be
solved by digging ‘manure pits’ by the individual
householders.
• The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves should
be dumped into the manure pits and covered with
earth after each day’s dumping.
• This method of refuse disposal is effective and
relatively simple in rural communities.
• For small camps.
• A trench 1.5 m wide and 2 m deep is
excavated
• The contents are used after 4 to 6
months
• Disposal of waste is an important procedure to be
followed by an individual in a community. health
professionals need to have a basic knowledge of the
subject since improper disposal of wastes constitutes
a health hazard. Health professional may be called
upon to give advice in some special situations, such
as coping with waste disposal problems when there is
a disruption or breakdown of community health
services in natural disasters.

Thank you for your attention.

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