Computer Networks

Third Year CSE

 Why Study Computer Networks?

• Will it be a stairway to
wealth?

• Can get a good-paying

job. Lot of job
opportunities!

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 Quiz
• What is the first thing you do when you wake
up in the morning?
A. Check email
B. Check SMS
C. Check Facebook
D. Check whatsApp

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 Quiz
• Guess the approximate number of emails that
are sent per day?
A. 100 million
B. 1 billion
C. 100 billion
D. 300 billion

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• Ans D
• 300 billion

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 Usage : personal level

• Wake-Up: Email
• •Breakfast: Web Browsing, Social Networks

• •During Day: More browsing, video-conferencing

• •Night: Video-on-demand, Online banking/shopping

• •Before bed: Online gaming

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 Usage: Business Level

• Make data, programs and equipment available

irrespective of physical location
• –Customer/Employee records, inventory, financial
statements etc
• –Custom software, Security software etc
• –Share printers, scanners
• •E-commerce based companies (Amazon, EBay,
Flipkart etc)
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 Impact

• As of 2010
• •2B (billion) Internet users
• •294B emails sent per day
• •255M (million) websites
• •2B videos watched per day at YouTube
• •600M Facebook users

• As of 2013: 1B YouTube users (15% earth population)

• [Ref: http://mashable.com/2011/01/25/internet-size-
infographic/]

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 Job Opportunities

• Deploy, maintain and debug

– –Network administrators, network technicians,
field engineers, network analysts
• •Design better networking technology,
protocols and applications
– –Network programmers, research scientists,
professors

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 Course objectives
• To understand the basic concept of computer network .
• To study theory and practical implementations of
• Network layer protocols
– Internet protocol
– ICMP
– IGMP
• Transport layer protocols
– TCP
– UDP
• Application layer protocols
– DNS
– SMPT
– HTTP
– FTP
– etc
 Syllabus
BTCOC602 Computer Networks
[Unit 1] 6 Hrs
• Introduction: Applications of computer networks, Network hardware,
Network software:
• Protocol Hierarchy, Design Issue, connection oriented vs. connectionless,
Service Primitives, Reference models: OSI and TCP/IP, Example networks:
Internet, Network standardization, Performance: Bandwidth and Latency,
Delay and bandwidth product, High-Speed Network, Application
Performance Needs.
[Unit 2] 6 Hrs
• LAN Technologies: X.25, Frame relay, ATM, Ethernet (802.3), FDDI, Token
Rings, Resilient Packet Rings, Wireless LANs: Wi-Fi (802.11), Cell Phone
Technologies, Broadband
• Wireless: Wi-MAX (802.16), Bluetooth (802.15.1), RFID.
[Unit 3] 6 Hrs
• Data Link Layer: Data Link Layer Design Issues: Service provided to network layer
Framing, Error Control, Flow Control, Error Detection and Correction: error correcting
codes, error detecting codes.
[Unit 4] 6 Hrs
• Network Layer and Congestion Control: IPv4/IPv 6, Routers and Routing Algorithms
distance vector link state. TCP UDP and sockets.
• Congestion Control and QOS: General principles, Congestion prevention policies,
Load shading, Jitter control, Quality of service: Packet scheduling, Traffic shaping,
integrated Services.
[Unit 5] 6 Hrs
• Application Layer Protocols: DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP.
[Unit 6] 6 Hrs
• Network Security: Authentication, Basics of public key and private key cryptography,
digital signatures and certificates, firewalls.
• Reference Books:
• 1. S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Addison-Wesley
• Professional, 1st Edition, 1997.
• 2. D. Comer, Computer Networks and Internet, Pearson Education, 6th Edition, 2014.
• 3. M. Gallo, W. Hancock, Computer Communications and Networking Technologies,
• Brooks/Cole Publisher, 2001.
• 4. Natalia Olifer, Victor Olifer, Computer Networks: Principles, Technologies and Protocols
• for Network Design, Wiley Publication, 2005.
• Text Books:
• 1. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, PHI Publication, 5th Edition, 2011.
• 2. B. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, McGraw Hill Publication, 5th
• Edition, 2013.
• 3. Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie, Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, Morgan
• Kufman Publication, 5th Edition, 2012.
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 Type of network
• Packet switching
– Two processes are connected. i.e. two computers
or devices along with processes are connected.
– Ex computer network, Internet.
• Circuit switching
– Two devices are connected to share the
information signal i. e. voice, video etc
– Ex. Telephone network
– Processes are not connected
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 points to cover today
• Goals of computer network
• Need for layered Architecture
• OSI structure
• TCP/IP suit
 Goals of computer Network
• To make all programs, equipment, and especially
data available to anyone on the network without
regard to the physical location of the resource and
the user.
• To set up a computer network has to do with
people rather than information or even computers
• To do business electronically.
• To starting to become more important is doing
business with consumers over the Internet
 Need for layered architecture
• To reduce their design complexity,
• a stack of layers or levels, each one built upon
the one below it.
• The purpose of each layer is to offer certain
services to the higher layers, shielding those
layers from the details of how the offered
services are actually implemented.
• In a sense, each layer is a kind of virtual machine,
offering certain services to the layer above it.
OSI((Open Systems Interconnection)
reference model
TCP/IP
OSI vs TCP/IP
OSI vs TCP/IP
 Questions
• What are two reasons for using layered
protocols?
• Which of the OSI layers handles each of the
following:
• (a) Dividing the transmitted bit stream into
frames.
• (b) Determining which route through the
subnet to use.

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 Multiple Access
 Broadcast link used in LAN consists of multiple sending and
receiving nodes connected to or use a single shared link

Broadcast links Examples