Normal Stress: Definition - Concentric and Eccentric Loading - Shearing Stress: Definition - Bearing Stress: Definition - Stress On An Oblique Plane - Design Considerations
Normal Stress: Definition - Concentric and Eccentric Loading - Shearing Stress: Definition - Bearing Stress: Definition - Stress On An Oblique Plane - Design Considerations
Normal Stress: Definition - Concentric and Eccentric Loading - Shearing Stress: Definition - Bearing Stress: Definition - Stress On An Oblique Plane - Design Considerations
P
.....(1)
A
Units : ( N ) Pa
(m2 )
Normal Stress: Definition
F
lim
A
A 0
Normal Stress: Definition
Eccentric
Loading
Concentric
Loading
Concentric and Eccentric Loading
V P
...........( 2)
ave A A
•Contrary to what is said about
normal stress, the distribution of
shearing stresses () across the
section cannot be assumed
uniform. The actual distribution of
the shearing stress varies from
max to min.
Shearing Stress: Definition
min
max
ave
Shearing Stress: Definition
Single
Shear
V F
........( 2A )
ave A A
Shearing Stress: Definition
Double
Shear
V F
.........( 2B )
ave A 2 A
Bearing Stress: Definition
•Bolts, pins, and rivets create stresses in the members they connect, along
the bearing surface, or surface of contact. Consider the two plates shown:
Bearing Stress: Definition
F P
.............( 3 )
b A td
Stress on An Oblique Plane
P P
Cos 2 SinCos
Ao Ao
Stress on An Oblique Plane
Tu Pu
Necking
Plugging
Tu Pu
Design Considerations: Factor of Safety
Vu
u where u is the Ultimate Shearing Strength
A
Pu ,b
u ,b where u ,b is the Ultimate Bearing Strength
A
Design Considerations: Factor of Safety
The structural member must be designed so that its ultimate load is
considerably larger than the load the member or component will be allowed
to carry under normal condition of utilization. This smaller load is referred
to as the allowable or working or design load. The ultimate load (stress) is
reduced to the allowable load by the Safety Factor, defined as:
Solution:
Determine forces in each member.
Consider Joint B, and apply equilibrium
conditions, yields: F = -40 kN F = + 50 kN
AB BC
joint
Example
Example
Solution:
A. Normal Stress
Rod BC: FBC = + 50 kN
Main
Part
End Part
A. Normal Stress
Rod AB: FBA = -40 kN
TENSION COMPRESSION
Example
B. Shearing Stress
Bracket C:
2
25
A r 491 mm 2 491x10 6 m 2
2
2
P 50x10 3 N
ave 6 2
102 MPa
A 491x10 m
Bracket A:
P 20x10 3 N
ave 6 2
40.7 MPa
A 491x10 m
Example
PG 25x10 3 N
Bracket B: ave 6 2
50.9 MPa
A 491x10 mm
C. Bearing Stress
P 40x10 3 N
In member AB at A: b 53.3 MPa
td ( 30 mm) (25 mm)
P 40x10 3 N
In Bracket at A: b 32 MPa
td (50 mm) (25 mm)
Example
Example
Two wooden planks (20 mm thick) are joined by the glued mortise joint
shown. If the allowable shearing strength of the glue is 820 kPa, determine
the smallest length d to withstand an axial load of 7000 N.
20 mm
150 mm
20 mm
Solution:-
The shearing force to which the glue is subjected equals to P/7.
Hence, V = 7000/7=1000 N.
Since all = 820,000 Pa, then A = 1000/820,000 = 12.2 x 10-4 m2
But, A = 0.02 d, from which d = 60 mm.
Example
A load P is applied to a steel rod
40 mm
supported as shown by an aluminum
plate into which a 15 mm-diameter hole 10 mm
has been drilled. If all is not to exceed 6 mm
125 and 70 MPa in steel and aluminum,
respectively, determine the largest P that 15 mm
can be applied.
Solution:-
Shear Force on steel and Aluminum = P
Since all,S = 125 MPa, then
P1 = (0.015)*(0.01) *125x106 = 58.9 kN
Similarly,
P1 P2
all,Al = 70 MPa
P2 = (0.040)*(0.006)*70x106 = 52.8 kN
Pmax = 52.8 kN