Wireless Sensor Networks: Prepared By: B.PAVAN KUMAR (193J1A0523)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Prepared by:
B.PAVAN KUMAR(193J1A0523)
CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF WSN
• APPLICATIONS OF WSN
• CHARACTERSTICS
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• EXAMPLE OF WSN
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be defined as a self-configured
and infrastructure-less wireless networks to monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the
network to a main location where the data can be observed and analyzed.
• WSN refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for
monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and
organizing the collected data at a central location.
TYPES OF WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWOKS:
• Depending on the environment the types of networks are decided, thus we
can divide WSN’s into five types
1. Terrestrial wireless sensor networks
2. Underground wireless sensor networks
3. Underwater wireless sensor networks
4. Multimedia wireless sensor networks
5. Mobile wireless sensor networks
Terrestrial wireless sensor networks
• Terrestrial WSNs are used for communicating base stations
efficiently, and comprise thousands of wireless sensor nodes
deployed either in an unstructured (ad hoc) or structured (Pre-
planned) manner.
• In an unstructured mode (ad hoc), the sensor nodes are randomly
distributed within the target area that’s dropped from a set plane.
• In WSNs, the battery power is limited, however, the battery is
provided with solar cells as a secondary power source.
Underground wireless sensor networks
• In terms of deployment, maintenance, equipment cost considerations, and
careful planning, underground wireless sensor networks are more
expensive than terrestrial WSNs.
• The Underground Wireless sensor networks UWSNs comprises several
sensory nodes that are hidden in the ground to observe underground
conditions.
• Additional sink nodes are located above the bottom to transfer information
from the sensor nodes to the base station, These underground WSNs
deployed into the ground are difficult to recharge.
UNDERGROUND WSNs
Underwater wireless sensor networks
• About more than 70% of the earth’s planet is occupied with water. These
networks contain several sensor nodes and vehicles deployed underwater.
Autonomous underwater devices and vehicles are used to collect data from
these sensor nodes.
• A challenge of underwater communication may be a long propagation delay,
and bandwidth and sensor failures. Underwater, WSNs are equipped with a
limited battery that can’t be recharged or replaced.
• The difficulty of energy conservation for underwater WSNs involves the
development of underwater communication and networking techniques.
UNDERWATER WSNs
Multimedia wireless sensor networks
• Multimedia wireless sensor networks are proposed to enable
tracking and monitoring of events in the sort of multimedia, like
video, imaging, and audio.
• These networks contain low-cost sensor nodes equipped with
cameras and microphones. These sensory nodes of Multimedia
WSNs are interconnected together over a wireless connection for
data retrieval, data compression, and correlation.
MULTIMEDIA WSNs
APPLICATIONS OF WSN:
• Applications of WSN is as follows:
1. Military applications
2. Area monitoring
3. Transportation
4. Health applications
5. Environmental sensing
Military applications
• The military domain isn’t only the primary field of human activity that is
used by WSNs but it’s also considered to have motivated the initiation
of sensor network research.
• Tracking and environment monitoring surveillance applications use
these kinds of networks. The sensor nodes from sensor networks are
dropped to the sector of interest and are remotely controlled by a user.
• Security detections and enemy tracking are also performed by using
these networks.
DISASTER RELIEF OPERATION MILITARY APPLICATIONS
Area monitoring
• Wireless Sensor Networks have been used widely in the field of
environment changes and their tracking.
• Forest detection, animal tracking, weather prediction, flood
detection, forecasting, and also commercial applications like
seismic activity prediction and also monitoring are using these
networks like Air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
HOME APPLICATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Power consumption constraints for nodes using batteries or energy harvesting
• Ability to cope with node failures(resilience)
• Mobility of nodes
• Heterogeneity of nodes
• Scalability to large scale of deployment
• Ease of use
• Cross –layer design
ADVANTAGES:
• It avoids a lot of wiring.
• It can accommodate new devices at any time.
• It’s flexible to go through physical partitions.
• It can be accessed through a centralized monitor.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Lower speed compared to wired network.
• Still costly at large.
• It does not reduce costs for installation of sensors.
• More complex to configure then a wired system
• Less secure
Example of WSN:
• Zigbee is a best example of wireless sensor network. Zigbee is a low-cost,
low-power, wireless mesh network standard targeted at battery powered
devices in wireless control and monitoring applications. Zigbee delivers
low latency communication.
• Zigbee data transfer speed is 250kbps.
• Philips Hue, Samsung Smart Things, Honeywell thermostats are the some
of the well known smart home brands that support Zigbee
Conclusion:
• WSN’s possible today due to technological advancement in various
domains
• Envisioned to become an essential part of our lives
• Tremendous research efforts being made in different layers of WSN’s
protocol stack
THANK YOU!!

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WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

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