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Topic4 - Moment Distribution Stiffness Factor Modification

Theory of Structures II Moment Distribution (Frames) Stiffness Factor Modification Reference: Structural Analysis 10th Edition in SI Units by R.C. Hibbeler

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Mary Joanne Capacio Aniñon
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112 views24 pages

Topic4 - Moment Distribution Stiffness Factor Modification

Theory of Structures II Moment Distribution (Frames) Stiffness Factor Modification Reference: Structural Analysis 10th Edition in SI Units by R.C. Hibbeler

Uploaded by

Mary Joanne Capacio Aniñon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CED 426

Structural Theory II
Lecture 18
Moment Distribution:
Stiffness-Factor Modification and Frames no Sideways

Mary Joanne C. Aniñon


Instructor
Stiffness-Factor Modification
• In the previous examples of moment
distribution, we have considered each
beam span to be constrained by a fixed
support at its far end when distributing
and carrying over the moments
• For this reason, we have calculated the
stiffness factors, distribution factors, and
carry-over factors based on the case
shown in Fig. 11-9, where K = 4EI/L and
the carry over factor is 1/2
Stiffness-Factor Modification
• In some cases, it is possible to modify the stiffness factor of a span
and thereby simplify the process of moment distribution.
• Three cases where this frequently occurs will be considered:
a) Member Pin Supported at Far End
b) Symmetric Beam and Loading
c) Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric loading
Member Pin Supported at Far End
• Many beams are supported at their ends by a
pin (or roller) as shown in Fig. 11–10a.
• We can determine the stiffness factor at joint
A of this beam by applying a moment M at the
joint and relating it to the angle . To do this we
must find the shear in the conjugate beam at
A’
Member Pin Supported at Far End
• From the conjugate beam Fig. 11-10b, we have
Member Pin Supported at Far End
• Also, note that the carry-over factor is zero since
the pin at B does not support a moment.
• By comparison, then, if the far end were fixed
supported, the stiffness factor K = 4EI/L would
have to be modified by 3/4 to model the case of
having the far end pin supported.
Symmetric Beam and Loading
• If a beam is symmetric with respect to both its loading and geometry,
the bending moment diagram for the beam will also be symmetric.
• As a result, a modification of the stiffness factor for the center span
can be made, so that moments in the beam only have to be
distributed through a joint lying on either half of the beam.
Symmetric Beam and Loading
• To develop the appropriate stiffness-factor modification, consider the
beam shown in Fig.11-11a. Due to the symmetry, the internal
moments at B and C are equal. Assuming this value to be M, the
conjugate beam for span BC is shown in Fig.11-11b
Symmetric Beam and Loading
Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric loading

• If the asymmetric beam is subjected to antisymmetric loading, the


resulting moment diagram will be antisymmetric.
• Considering the beam Fig. 11-12a, due to the antisymmetric loading, the
internal moment at B is equal but opposite to that of C
• Assuming the value to be M, the conjugate beam for its center span BC is
shown in Fig. 11-12b.
Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric
loading
Example 1
• Determine the internal moments at the supports for the beam shown
in Fig. 11-13a
Example 1
Step 1.a. Identify the joints and spans in the
beam: A, B, C, D and span AB, BC, CD
Step 1.b. Calculate member and joint stiffness
factors for each span.
• By inspection, the beam and loading are symmetrical
• We will apply K=2EI/L to calculate the stiffness factor of the center span BC and therefore
use only the left half of the beam for analysis.
• The analysis can be shortened even further by using K = 3EI/L for calculating the stiffness of
segment AB since the far end A is pinned.
Example 1
Step 1.b. Calculate member and joint stiffness
factors for each span.

4 𝐸𝐼
K=
𝐿

Step 1.c. Determine the distribution factors (DF).


𝐾
𝐷𝐹 =
∑𝐾
Example 1
1.d. Determine the fixed-end moments

FEMAB =0 FEMBA FEMBC FEMCB FEMCD FEMDC =0


Example 1
• The data are listed in the table.
• Calculating the stiffness factors as
shown considerably reduces the
analysis, since only joint B must be
balanced and carry-overs to joint
A and C are not necessary. FEMAB =0 FEMBA FEMBC FEMCB FEMCD FEMDC =0

Joint A B
Member AB BA BC
DF 1 0.667 0.333
FEM 0 60 -133.33
Dist. 0 48.9 24.4
∑M 0 108.9 -108.9
Moment Distribution For Frames: No Sidesway
• Application of the moment distribution method for frames having no
sideways follows the same procedure as that given for beams.
• To minimize the chance for errors, it is suggested that the analysis be
arranged in a tabular form, as in the previous examples
• The distribution of moments can be shortened if the stiffness factor of a
span can be modified.
Example 2
• Determine the internal moments at the joints of the frame shown in Fig.
11-15a. There is a pin at E and D and a fixed support at A. EI is constant
Example 2
• By inspection, the pin at E will
prevent the frame from sidesway.
Example 2
Step 1.a. Identify the joints and spans in the beam:
A, B, C, D, E and span AB, BC, CD, CE
Step 1.b. Calculate member and joint stiffness
factors for each span.
4 𝐸𝐼
K=
𝐿

The stiffness factors of CD and CE can be calculated


using K = 3EI/L since the far ends D and E are
pinned.
Example 2
Step 1.c. Determine the distribution factors (DF).
𝐾
𝐷𝐹 =
∑𝐾

4 𝐸𝐼 / 6
𝐷𝐹 𝐵𝐶 = =0.455
4 𝐸𝐼 4 𝐸𝐼
+
5 6
Example 2
1.d. Determine the fixed-end moments
Joint A B C D E
Example 2
Member AB BA BC CB CE CD DC EC

DF 0 0.545 0.455 0.330 0.372 0.298 1 1


FEM 0 0 -135 135 0 0 0 0
Dist. 0 73.6 61.4 -44.6 -50.2 -40.2 0 0
CO 36.8 0 -22.3 30.7 0 0 0 0
Dist. 0 12.2 10.1 -10.1 -11.5 -9.1 0 0
CO 6.1 0 -5.1 5.1 0 0 0 0
Dist. 0 2.8 2.3 -1.7 -1.9 -1.5 0 0
CO 1.4 0 -0.8 1.2 0 0 0 0
Dist. 0 0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0 0

CO 0.2 0 -0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0


Dist. 0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0 0 0

∑M 44.5 89.1 -89.1 115 -64.1 -51.2 0 0


Moment Diagram for frame

+ - - +

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