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    Diagnosis of Pregnancy: Presented By-Baljeet Kaur

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    manjit
    This document provides information on diagnosing pregnancy through various symptoms, signs, and tests. It discusses the timeline of common symptoms in early pregnancy such as amenorrhea, morning sickness, breast changes, and weight gain. It also outlines physical signs like cervical changes and uterine enlargement. Diagnostic tests mentioned include urine and blood pregnancy tests, ultrasound to view the gestational sac and embryo, and basal body temperature tracking. The document then discusses evaluating and monitoring the pregnancy in the mid to late stages by assessing fetal movement, heart rate, position and presentation through palpation and ultrasound.

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    Diagnosis of Pregnancy: Presented By-Baljeet Kaur

    Uploaded by

    manjit
    25 views25 pages
    This document provides information on diagnosing pregnancy through various symptoms, signs, and tests. It discusses the timeline of common symptoms in early pregnancy such as amenorrhea, morning sickness, breast changes, and weight gain. It also outlines physical signs like cervical changes and uterine enlargement. Diagnostic tests mentioned include urine and blood pregnancy tests, ultrasound to view the gestational sac and embryo, and basal body temperature tracking. The document then discusses evaluating and monitoring the pregnancy in the mid to late stages by assessing fetal movement, heart rate, position and presentation through palpation and ultrasound.

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    Diagnosis in Pregnancy

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    This document provides information on diagnosing pregnancy through various symptoms, signs, and tests. It discusses the timeline of common symptoms in early pregnancy such as amenorrhea, morning sickness, breast changes, and weight gain. It also outlines physical signs like cervical changes and uterine enlargement. Diagnostic tests mentioned include urine and blood pregnancy tests, ultrasound to view the gestational sac and embryo, and basal body temperature tracking. The document then discusses evaluating and monitoring the pregnancy in the mid to late stages by assessing fetal movement, heart rate, position and presentation through palpation and ultrasound.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views25 pages

    Diagnosis of Pregnancy: Presented By-Baljeet Kaur

    Uploaded by

    manjit
    This document provides information on diagnosing pregnancy through various symptoms, signs, and tests. It discusses the timeline of common symptoms in early pregnancy such as amenorrhea, morning sickness, breast changes, and weight gain. It also outlines physical signs like cervical changes and uterine enlargement. Diagnostic tests mentioned include urine and blood pregnancy tests, ultrasound to view the gestational sac and embryo, and basal body temperature tracking. The document then discusses evaluating and monitoring the pregnancy in the mid to late stages by assessing fetal movement, heart rate, position and presentation through palpation and ultrasound.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Diagnosis of

    Pregnancy

    Presented By-Baljeet Kaur


    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    • History and symptoms
    1. Amenorrhea
    1) The first and the most important symptom
    2) Note 1: emotional tension, chronic disease
    and certain medications → delayed menses
    3) Note 2: lactation, IUD and dysfunction of
    endocrine → pregnancy
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    2. Morning sickness
    1) Fatigue, swirling, nausea and vomiting (the
    6th week↑ → the 12th week↓ ).
    2) Hyperemesis gravidarum - protracted
    vomiting necessitating hospitalization.
    3) Causes: HCG, delayed gastric emptying(P↑ )
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    3. Urinary symptoms
    1) Bladder irritability, frequency and nocturia
    2) Causes: increased circulation in pelvis (E and
    P↑), enlargement of the uterus.
    3) Note: urinary infection must be ruled out
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    4. Mastodynia
    1) the development of mammary ducts (E↑)
    and alveolar system (P↑)
    2) circulation↑→ engorgement of the breasts
    5. Constipation
    smooth muscle relaxant (P↑)
    6. Weight gain
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    • Signs
    1. The changes of genital organs
    1) Vagina: bluish or purple discoloration (congested
    pelvic vasculature). Increased vaginal discharge (E
    and P↑)
    2) Cevix: softening and bluish discoloration. The
    cervical mucus→ a granular pattern
    3) Uterocervical junction
    Hegar’s sign: a widened zone of softness coupled with
    compressibility, resulting in a doughnut-shaped,
    slightly spongy configuration.
    Hegar’s sign
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    4) Abdominal enlargement
    Enlargement of uterus (noticed at the 12th week)
    2. Breast changes
    1) Enlargement and vascular engorgement (6th –8th
    week)
    2) Montgomery’s tubercles : 6th –8th week, E and
    P↑
    3) Colostrum secretion (16th week) or secondary
    breasts
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    • Laboratory tests
    1. Pregnancy test
    1) Urine HCG test (one step): + or –
    2) β-HCG: >25mIU/L
    2. Ultrasonography
    1) Enlargement of uterus
    2) Gestational sac
    3) Embryo or fetal pulse
    Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy
    3. Other tests
    1) Progesterone test
    2) Cervical mucus examination
    3) Basal body temperature (BBT)
    Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
    • Symptoms and signs
    1. EDC: +9 or –3 (month), +7 (day)
    2. Enlargement of uterus
    1) 12th week: 2 finger above the symphysis
    2) 16th week: midway between the symphysis
    and the umbilicus.
    3) 20th – 22nd week: at the umbilicus
    4) …….
    Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
    3. Fetal movement (FM)
    1) The first perception: in the 18th – 20th weeks
    2) Diagnosis of pregnancy, duration of
    pregnancy, the safety of fetus
    3) Count: 3 times per day, 1 hour per time.
    sum×4= FM/12 hours. Normal:≥ 30/12
    hours
    Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
    4. Fetal heart tones
    1) Heared: the 18th – 20th weeks
    2) Normal rate: 120-160bpm
    3) Differentiation: umbilical souffle
    5. Fetal body
    Palpated: outlines of the fetus (the 20th week).
    Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
    • Laboratory tests
    1. Ultrasonography
    1) The number of fetus
    2) Fetal lie
    3) Fetal presentation
    4) Fetal position
    5) Fetal dead or not
    6) Placenta and cord (velocity of flow)
    7) Size of fetus
    Diagnosis of mid or late pregnancy
    2. Fetal electrocardiography, FECG
    12th week
    Fetal Attitude
    • Fetal lie
    Refers to the relationship of the long axis of
    the fetus to the long axis of the mother
    1. Longitudinal lie
    The long axis of the fetus is parallel with that
    of the mother
    2. Transverse lie
    The long axis of the fetus crosses that of the
    mother vertically
    Fetal lie
    Fetal Attitude
    • Fetal presentation
    1. head presentation
    Occiput presentation (95%), brow
    presentation and face presentation.
    2. Breech presentation
    1) Complete breech presentation
    2) Frank breech presentation
    3) Incomplete breech presentation: footling
    presentation
    Head presentation or breech
    Fetal Attitude
    • Fetal position
    Refers to the relationship of the point of direction
    of the presenting part to one of the 4 quadrants of
    the pelvis or to the transverse diameter of the
    maternal pelvis.
    1. Occiput presentation: the occiput, O.
    LOA,LOT,LOP
    2. Face presentation: the chin, M. LMA,LMT,LMP
    3. Breech presentation: the sacrum,
    S.LSA,LST,LSP
    Fetal position
    END

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