Scribd
Upload
76 views12 pages

Lesson 3c Power Series Radius and Interval of Convergence

This document discusses power series, including their definition, examples, and determining their radius and interval of convergence. A power series is an infinite series involving terms with exponents. The radius of convergence indicates the values a variable can take for the series to converge absolutely. The interval of convergence is the set of values over which the series converges. Various tests, like the ratio test, can determine if a series converges at its endpoints and thus the full interval of convergence. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to specific power series.

Uploaded by

Sheena Marie Duardas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views12 pages

Lesson 3c Power Series Radius and Interval of Convergence

This document discusses power series, including their definition, examples, and determining their radius and interval of convergence. A power series is an infinite series involving terms with exponents. The radius of convergence indicates the values a variable can take for the series to converge absolutely. The interval of convergence is the set of values over which the series converges. Various tests, like the ratio test, can determine if a series converges at its endpoints and thus the full interval of convergence. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to specific power series.

Uploaded by

Sheena Marie Duardas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Lesson 3c

POWER SERIES, RADIUS AND


INTERVAL OF CONVERGENCE
DEFINITION OF POWER SERIES

If x is a variable, then an infinite series of the form

is called a

More generally, an infinite series of the form

Is called a, where c is a constant.


ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

1. A power series centered at 0.

2. A power series centered at

3. A power series centered at .


CONVERGENCE OF A POWER SERIES

A series of the form

where is a variable and the coefficients , ,,

are constants is called a

A power series in may converge for all values of or for no value except or it
may converge for some values of x and diverge for other values. The totality
of values of for which the power series converges is called the interval of
convergence of the series. This interval of convergence can be determined
by the ratio test although in cases where the series does not converge for all
values of the end points of the interval must be examined separately using
other convergence test.
RADIUS AND INTERVAL OF CONVERGENCE

 If a numerical value is substituted for in a power series then the resulting series
of numbers may either converge or diverge.
This leads to the problem of determining the set of values for which a given
power series in converges; this is called its convergence set.
THEOREM For any power series in , exactly one of the following is true:
(a) The series converges only for .
This theorem states that the convergence set is and the radius of convergence
is 0, that is,
(b) The series converges absolutely for all real values of
This theorem states that the convergence set is and the radius of converges is that
is,
(c) The series converges absolutely for all in some open interval (-R, R) and
diverges if -R or R
This theorem states that the convergence set extends between –R and R and the
series has radius of convergence R, that is, R
RADIUS AND INTERVAL OF CONVERGENCE

For a power series centered at precisely one of the following theorem is


true.
1. The series converges only at
If the series converges only at the radius of convergence is and the interval of
convergence is
2. There exists a real number such that the series converges absolutely for .
This theorem states that the convergence set extends between –R and R and the
series has radius of convergence R.
3. The series converges absolutely for all
If the series converges for all the radius of convergence is and the convergence
set is
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

1. Determine the radius of convergence and interval of convergence for the power series.

Using the ratio test for absolute convergence to the given series,

The ratio tells us that if

a. the series converges.


b. the series diverges.
continuation

Now, let us get the interval of convergence by solving the absolute value
inequality
a. ,
b. ,
The way to determine convergence at these endpoints is to simply plug them
into the original power series and see if the series converges or diverges using
any test necessary.
i. At the endpoint when substituting in the series is

This series is divergent by the Divergence Test since

 
continuation

ii. At the endpoint when substituting in the series is

This series diverges by the Alternating Series Test since the two


conditions are not satisfied.
So in this case the power series will not converge for either
endpoint. 
The interval of convergence is
or

The radius of convergence is 4, that is,


ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

2. Determine the radius of convergence and interval of convergence for the power series

Solution:
In this example the root test is more appropriate to use.  So

.
since  
regardless of the value of x this power series will converge for every x.
In these cases we say that the radius of convergence is 
The interval of convergence is
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

3. Determine the radius of convergence and interval of convergence for the


power series

Solution: Using the ratio test for absolute convergence,

. The limit is infinite, but there is that term with the x’s in front of the limit. 
 
We’ll have   provided
So, this power series will only converge if  . In this case we say the radius of
convergence is  and the interval of convergence is .
EXERCISES

Find the radius of convergence and the interval of


convergence.

1.

2.

3.

.
 

You might also like