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    Networking and Communication

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    Paras Seth
    The document discusses the history and development of networking technologies. It describes ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, and how TCP/IP protocols allowed different networks to interconnect. It also defines common networking terms like packets, routers, and IP addresses and discusses the growth of broadband and wireless networking. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of cloud computing and organizational networking.

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    Networking and Communication

    Uploaded by

    Paras Seth
    33 views18 pages
    The document discusses the history and development of networking technologies. It describes ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, and how TCP/IP protocols allowed different networks to interconnect. It also defines common networking terms like packets, routers, and IP addresses and discusses the growth of broadband and wireless networking. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of cloud computing and organizational networking.

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    ISBB_Chapter5

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    The document discusses the history and development of networking technologies. It describes ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, and how TCP/IP protocols allowed different networks to interconnect. It also defines common networking terms like packets, routers, and IP addresses and discusses the growth of broadband and wireless networking. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of cloud computing and organizational networking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views18 pages

    Networking and Communication

    Uploaded by

    Paras Seth
    The document discusses the history and development of networking technologies. It describes ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, and how TCP/IP protocols allowed different networks to interconnect. It also defines common networking terms like packets, routers, and IP addresses and discusses the growth of broadband and wireless networking. Finally, it provides a high-level overview of cloud computing and organizational networking.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Networking and Communication

    A Brief History of the Internet


    • ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
    – Cold War – military or intelligence advantage
    – ARPA requested proposals for communication technology
    – Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) completed project in 1 year
    – Four nodes: UCLA, Stanford, MIT, & University of Utah

    • Introduction of the Internet


    – New networks but different languages (protocol)
    – Solution: transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
    (TCP/IP)
    – Internet: an interconnected network of networks
    Internet Terms
    • Packet – data sent over the internet
    • Hub – connects other devices to the network and
    sends packets to all devices connected to it.
    • Bridge – connects two networks together and
    filters packets.
    • Switches – connects multiple devices and filters
    packets based upon destination.
    • Router – receives and analyzes packets, then
    sends them to specific destinations.
    Internet Terms (contd.)
    • Internet Protocol (IP) Address – Unique number that identifies a device.
    – IPv4: ###.##.###.###
    • Limit 4,294,967,296 addresses
    – IPv6: ####.####.####.####.####.####.####.####
    • Hexadecimals are base 16 (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f)
    • Limit 3.4 x 1038 addresses
    • Domain Name (Google - 74.125.224.72) – common name for a Website
    so you don’t have to remember the IP address.
    • Domain Name System (DNS) – throughout the internet. Translates
    domain names to IP addresses.
    • Packet-switching – How packets travel across a network, through
    routers. Multiple packets may be broken up and sent different routes.
    • Protocol – Set of rules that allow devices to exchange information.
    Internet and the World Wide Web
    • Primary Internet users in 1980s:
    government, academic, and research
    organizations
    • Driven by use of e-mail
    • World Wide Web project
    – Graduate Student Tim Berners-Lee, needed a way to link
    his dissertations advisors comments together: Hypertext.
    – 1993 Mosaic browser allowed combinations of text and
    graphics
    – 1994 Netscape Navigator first commercial web browser
    Dot-Com Bubble
    • National Science Foundation (NSF)
    – Managed Internet until early 1990s
    – Restricted commercial ventures
    • 1991 NSF transfers control to US Government
    – Commercial use of the Internet is now possible
    – Surge of investment in online companies
    – Investors understood e-commerce would be highly profitable
    – Poor business models led to widespread failures
    – 2000-2001, many internet companies went bust (Dot-Com
    Bubble, Dot-Bomb)
    – Companies needed better strategies and management to survive
    Web 2.0
    • Web 1.0
    – Web pages
    – Not interactive
    – People find and view information but don’t‘ interact
    with it
    • Web 2.0
    – Users can communicate with Web sites and each other
    – YouTube, Wiki, Flickr, Facebook…etc.
    • Web 3.0 – Semantic Web – emerging now
    Sidebar: Internet vs. WWW
    • What is the difference?
    – Not the same
    – WWW is part of the Internet
    • Internet: A network of networks, across the
    planet.
    • WWW: Web servers with HTML pages that are
    viewed on devices with Web browsers.
    Growth of Broadband
    • In the 70s/80s people used dial up modems to connect to
    computers.
    – Tied up phone lines
    – Hindered usage – too slow
    – Speed measured in bps
    • Cable or DSL (or satellite) offered higher speed
    • Broadband
    – Connections faster than 256,000 bps (speeds are much higher now)
    – Average home broadband speed is between 3 mbps and 30 mbps
    – Enabled growth of new businesses and ways that people use
    technology
    Wireless Networking
    • Wi-Fi
    • Mobile Network
    • Bluetooth
    • VoIP
    Organizational Networking

    • Intranet – within the


    organization.
    • Extranet – allowing
    partners into your
    network for specific things
    (eg. Supply Chain
    Management)
    • Internet
    Cloud Computing

    = Internet
    Cloud Computing
    cloud
    In house farm
    Google’s Server Farms or Data Centers
    Data Farms
    • Headlines
    – Fjord Cooled Data Center in Norway is the Worlds
    Greenest Data Center
    – Facebook to Build Server Farm at the Artic Circle
    • Economies
    – Maintenance
    – Labor
    – Dynamic Scaling
    – Backup and Recovery
    – Cost
    Cloud Computing Problems
    • Security
    • Access – if you lose Internet, it’s over
    • Isn’t always as easy as it seams
    • Service from a giant host might not be as good
    as what you get in-house
    • Locked in to a specific service provider
    Services from the Cloud
    • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
    • Software as a
    Service (SaaS)
    • Infrastructure as a
    Service (IaaS)
    Summary
    • Reviewed the history and development of
    networking technologies.
    • Defined the key terms associated with
    networking technologies.
    • Review the importance of broadband
    technologies.
    • Describe organizational networking at a high
    level.

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